问题 单项选择题

适应模式的观点不包括

A.环境中对人产生影响的因素可分为主要刺激、相关刺激和固有刺激
B.人应对环境刺激的适应水平与人的适应能力有关,每个人的适应水平是不同的
C.机体的适应机制是通过生理调节、心理调节两个亚系统进行的
D.适应性反应是促进人身心健康的过程
E.个体的健康状况和自我照顾能力决定其对护理需求的多少

答案

参考答案:E

解析:适应模式是由美国护理理论家卡利斯塔·罗伊提出的。内容涉及对5个基本要素:人、护理目标、护理活动、健康和环境的描述。此题应选择E,因为这是奥瑞姆的自理模式提出的,其中谈到护理的概念是克服或预防自理缺陷发生和发展的活动,并为自理需求不能满足的个体提供帮助。个体的健康状况及自我照顾的能力决定其对护理需求的多少。

写作题
问答题

You probably won’t be shocked to find out that the inventor of tire rubber is Charles Goodyear, as he’s the only guy on the list to actually get his name attached to the end product. (46) It wasn’t easy coming up with a form of rubber tough enough to withstand the drag racing and car chases everyone envisioned the day the automobile was invented. In fact, if there was one man who should have given up his life dream, it was Goodyear. (47)The man spent time in and out of prison, lost every friend he had and starved his children in his tireless pursuit of a per form of rubber.

(48) After his first two years of tinkering and failing with primitive rubber in the 1830s, Goodyear and his family were camping out in an abandoned factory and fishing for sustenance. This is when he made a huge breakthrough: He’d use acid to smooth out and toughen rubber! The government bought 150 mailbags made of the stuff and the rest is...

Oh, wait. They were all defective. The process didn’t work and Goodyear was ruined. Again.

Finally in 1839, Goodyear wandered into a general store with another failure of a formula. The crowd watched and laughed at him. (49)In a rage, he began to shake his fist, flinging a piece of his rubber onto the hot stove top.

After inspecting the charred remains, he realized that he had just found a way to make durable, weatherproof rubber. (50) Despite what we’re sure were numerous failed "now let’s try setting this on fire to see if it improves it!" experiments, an empire was born.

(47)The man spent time in and out of prison, lost every friend he had and starved his children in his tireless pursuit of a per form of rubber.