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简要分析德育过程

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解析:德育过程是指教师有目的有计划地教导下,学生主动、积极地进行道德认识和道德实践,逐步提高自我修养能力、形成社会主义的品德的过程。(1)德育过程是教师指导下学生的能动的道德活动过程。①学生品德的发展是在活动中能动地实现的。青少年学生在吸取社会和教育影响的活动中,不仅是被影响、被教育的对象,而且是能动地吸取环境和教育影响的主体。②道德活动是促进外界的德育影响转化为学生自身品德的基础。从根本上说,外部的教育影响向学生内在的品德转化,只能在学生与外在社会相互作用的活动中实现,而不可能在他们处于静态中进行,而道德活动则是促进德育影响转化为学生品德的基础。③进行德育要善于组织、指导学生的活动。在德育过程中,首先要处理好学生的各种表现为外部行为的实际的教育活动,才能启迪、激发和引导他们积极开展内部心理活动,以促进他们的思想认识的提高和品德的发展。(2)德育过程是培养学生知情意行的过程。①知、情、意、行的特点及其培养。知,即道德认识,是指人们对一定社会道德关系及其理论、规范的理解和看法,包括人们通过认识形成的各种道德观;情,即道德情感,是指人们对事物的爱憎、好恶的态度;意,即道德意志,是指人们为了达到某种道德目的而产生的自觉能动性;行,即道德行为,是指人们在一定道德认识或道德情感支配下采取的行动。②德育要注意发挥知、情、意、行的整体功能。首先,德育要注意全面性;其次,德育要有针对性。(3)德育过程是促进学生品德发展矛盾的积极转化过程。①促进学生品德发展内部矛盾的积极转化。品德的发展需要解决三种性质不同的矛盾:一种是认识性质的矛盾;另一种是能力性质的矛盾;第三种是思想性质的矛盾。②要调节学生品德发展的外部矛盾。学生品德发展的外部矛盾主要是指学校德育的要求与社会、家庭等方面对学生的影响不一致而产生的矛盾。(4)德育过程是提高学生自我教育能力的过程。首先,要认识自我教育能力在德育过程中的作用;其次,把握自我教育能力的主要特点与构成因素;最后,德育要促进自我教育能力的发展。

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      Having entered a boarding school, Ada and her twin sister Rita determined to strike out independently. Although the sisters had requested rooms in different buildings, they were placed in the same, Ada on the

eighth floor and Rita one floor higher. While Ada lived in harmony with her roommate, Rita was unhappy. She and her roommate had a quarrel over matters like the smallest thing-the time of lights being turned

off-and the biggest thing-the arrangement of the furniture. Finally, they communicated primarily through

short notes rather than by speaking. Rita kept running down along the stairs to ask Ada for help. Before

long, the two wanted to live together again. Rita's roommate finally had to move out.

      Rita's ability to solve her problem by rooming with her twin is unusual, but the conflict she faced is not. Despite great efforts by many schools to make good roommate matches, unpleasant outcomes are

common.

      Most conflicts between roommates develop from small, annoying differences. In extreme cases, the

conflicts can lead to serious violence and affect roommates' psychological ( 心理的) health.

Learning to tolerate a stranger's habits may teach students the art of compromise, but the learning process

is often painful.

     Many schools have started conflict solution programs to calm tensions that could build up like a volcano preparing to explode, resulting in physical violence.Some schools try to prevent conflicts by using computerized matching. Students are put together on the basis of their answers to housing form questions about

preferred hours of study and sleep, and selfdescribed tendencies toward tidiness or disorder. Parents

sometimes weaken the process by taking the forms and filling in false data about their children's habits.

     If only conflicts between roommates could disappear!