问题 问答题

简述两宋行政律法的特点。

答案

参考答案:两宋行政律法的特点主要有以下几点:
(1)皇帝君权的集中与臣僚事权的分割。在职官设置上形成了独具特色的“官与职殊”,“名与实分”的“官”、“职”、“差遣”制度。上至宰辅重臣,下到州、县长官均受到来自不同机构的牵制,如相权的一分为三,监司巡检制,通判的设置等。皇帝不再担心某个大臣的叛逆,因为每个人都权限不大,且彼此都是和应当是皇帝的“耳目之司”。
(2)“异论相搅”的用人原则。对朝臣的重用上,遵循“异论相搅”的用人原则,即参用政见不同者,使彼此“各不敢为非”,显例如神宗朝的王安石与司马光。其次是“不任官而任吏”,官与吏相比,前者权势大易自作主张,而后者权势小只能谨守成法。自徽宗时始,便诏令地方州县长官详理刑狱,不得假手胥吏。这些特点,使皇帝能够“一纸下郡县,如身使臂,如臂使指,无有留难,而天下之势一矣”。

选择题
阅读理解

Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.

Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions y they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.

Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to ( for example :"The hand took hold of the ball" ) , the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).

Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much researeh suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.

Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互动).Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for ncurosciencc of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does--well,perhaps you'll understand why.

小题1:Mirror neurons can explain         .

A.why we cry when we are hurt

B.why we cough when we suffer from a cold

C.why we smile when we see someone else smile

D.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late小题2:The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “  

A.set off

B.cut off

C.built up

D.broken up小题3:We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons  .

A.relate to human behavior and interaction

B.control human physical actions and feelings

C.result in bad behavior and social disorders

D.determine our knowledge and language abilities小题4:What is the passage mainly about?

A.Ways to find mirror neurons.

B.Problems of mirror neurons.

C.Existence of mirror neurons.

D.Functions of mirror neurons.