问题 单项选择题

在信息系统建设中,为了使开发出来的目标系统能满足实际需要,在着手编程之前应认真考虑、以下问题:
1) 系统所要求解决的问题是什么
2) 为解决该问题,系统应干些什么
3) 系统应该怎样去干
其中第2个问题的解决是 (16) 的任务,第3个问题的解决是 (17) 的任务。

A.信息系统总体规划阶段

B.信息系统分析阶段

C.信息系统设计阶段

D.信息系统实施阶段

答案

参考答案:C

解析:信息系统的建设按其生命周期可依次分为总体规划阶段、系统分析阶段、系统设计阶段、系统实施阶段等。其中,总体规划阶段是系统开发过程的第一步,其主要目标是制定出信息系统的长期发展方案,决定信息系统在整个生命周期内的发展方向、规模和发展进程等。
系统分析阶段是整个信息系统建设中最重要的一个阶段,在这个阶段中要对所要组建的信息系统环境进行详细的调查,从而提出新系统的逻辑设计方案,其本质就是通过对现有系统的描述、分析来回答未来的信息系统要“做什么”的问题,新系统所要求解决的问题是什么。
系统设计阶段是通过给出新信息系统的物理模型来描述如何实现在系统分析阶段规定的系统功能,其要回答的中心问题是“如何做”,即系统应干些什么。
从生命周期来看,系统实施阶段是前面各阶段工作的延伸和目的。这一实施阶段是将系统设计的结果付诸实践,建立相应的软硬件环境、安装和调试对应的系统软件、组织系统测试、培训相应的管理人员并交付使用、维护的一系列过程。

选择题
单项选择题

Starting with his review of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior, Noam Chomsky had led the psycholinguists who argue that man has developed an innate (天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1) instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2) .

This linguistic approach (3) the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se (本身), but (4) rules that enable a speaker to (5) an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6) single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7) with the particular thing signified, but (8) all members of a general class.

This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9) into existing psychological frameworks and (10) a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic (原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11) perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12) all of these processes; thus its study (13) our theories of knowledge in general.

Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child’s learning of language is a kind of theory (14) . It’s thought to be accomplished (15) explicit instruction, (16) of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17) or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18) , the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19) power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20) it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.

2()

A.region

B.district

C.vicinity

D.community