问题 单项选择题

(四)阅读下面短文,回答问题老子的《道德经》是一部伟大的传世巨著。它体现了中 * * 的智慧。二千多年来, 历代文人墨客依据各自对此书的见解与感悟,著书立说,各抒己见,见仁见智,莫衷一是。 述作之多,足以“汗牛充栋” 。这部总共只有五千多字的《道德经》 ,从天、地、人三者的整体关系着眼,言简意骇地表达了对社会、政治、经济、军事,以及人际关系的观点,内容博大精深,已为千年历史所验证,这正是它在时间、空间上历久不衰的原因之所在。在这部共分八十一个章节的书中,有很多地方谈到“有”与“无”的关系, “有为”与“无为”正是此书的一大重点与特色。在初次接触到“无为”这一词时,人们会肤浅地理解为“无所作为” ,似乎是什么也不干。但老子所反复强调的“无为”却寓意深长,如“为无为而无不为” (第四十八章) 、 “为无为,则无不治矣” (第三章) ,意思是说,只要真正做到“无为” ,就没有什么做不到的,就没有什么治不了的。由此可见,在老子看来, “无为而治”正是治理的根本,是领导艺术的最高境界。对企业和对任何群体来说, 主要领导人的个人领导风格和作风, 往往体现在其经营之道中。 这里虽无是非之分, 却有高下之别, 最终还是要以其能否可持续发展的实践来检验。有些单位的“一把手”事无巨细,事必躬亲,且只凭自己的“一支笔”去审批才放得下心,成天忙忙碌碌,埋头于具体事务之中,难以摆脱。也有一些领导则相反,他们抓大事,抓大方向,在急剧变化的市场风浪中,明辨航向,指挥若定,这正体现了“无为”的领导风格。当然,一把手要能脱身于日常事务中,其前提是要按分工授权其副手和部下,授权本身就是一种领导艺术,它首先要求一把手对企业业务的全局熟悉,然后具有识才、用才的眼力和魄力,做到知人善任,并对授权对象充分信任,做到有职、有权、有责,对他们主要实行必要的协调和监管,这样,主要领导人便可以主动地观察形势,抓住经营中的关键环节和主要矛盾去加以研究和处理。这就是《道德经》所说的,做到了“无为”才可实现“无不为” 。事实上,对任何群体来说,其成员的基本职能大体可分为操作层、执行层和领导层, 决策层。 对他们的要求各有侧重, 前者面对的是具体业务, 后者面对的是前进方向、 发展战略。因此,前者更应关注做好细节,关注“有为” 。而后者的任务则体现在无形而又影响全局,决定兴衰成败命运的战略思考上,这正反映了“无为”的特点与关键作用。只有有了“无为”的正确领导,才能使“有为”产生积极的实际效果,这正是《道德经》第四十章所说: “天下万物生于有,有生于无” 。 “有”是产生“天下万物”的物质基础。但产生“有”的源头则“无” 。这里所说的“无”并非一无所有,而是客观存在的,非物质的无形之物。例如,就企业而言,企业在市场和顾客中的形象,产品的品牌、诚信的口碑等等,这些都是企业的无形资产,正是具有了这些“无”的条件下,企业才可以创造出更多的物质财富,创造出更多的“有” 。可见,无形资产比有形财富更重要,物质财富是由无形资产推动的。 “有生于无”意味着“有”是由“无”所驱动, “有为”是由“无为”驱动的。抓住了“无为”才能驱动形形色色的“有为” 。因此, “无为”决非“无所作为” ,而正是推动事业不断发展前进而大有作为。早在上世纪 80 年代初,总部位于瑞士日内瓦的世界经济论坛,就对当时西欧的一些大型企业主要领导人,CEO 有关他们时间和精力如何分配进行过一次有趣的调查,结果显示,企业真正的一把手,他们把时间和精力的 40%用于思考研究企业的经营战略与发展战略,40%用于和客户、股东、供应商、政府有关部门以及内部员工打交道,剩下的 20%用来处理企业内部事务。由此可以看到,国际上企业领导人也在实践中遵循着老子提出的只有做到“无为”才能实行“无不为”这一法则,使企业得以在激烈的国内外市场竞争中生存发展。 (节选自潘承烈《无为而治:领导艺术的最高境界》 ,中国企业报,2009,有删改)

下面做法中,不符合文中描述的“无为而治”的是

A.加强企业文化建设和品牌建设

B.重视企业的前进方向和发展战略

C.提高识才用才的水平,学会授权

D.全身心投入市场调研与顾客沟通

答案

参考答案:D

问答题 简答题
单项选择题

The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

One of the best sources modem scholars have for learning about Hellenistic Egypt is the large supply of papyrus fragments that have turned up in the Egyptian desert over the last century. Papyrus is a thick type of paper made from a reedy plant found in Egypt. Papyrus is much tougher than the wood-pulp paper used in modern society; whereas a book produced today will most likely fall apart within a century, there are papyrus fragments that are still legible over 2,000 years after scribes wrote on them.

It is primarily by accident that any of these fragments have survived. Most of the surviving fragments have been found in ancient garbage dumps that were covered over by the desert and preserved in the dry heat. The benefit of this type of archeological find is that these discarded scraps often give us a more accurate picture of the daily lives of ancient Egyptians--their business affairs, personal correspondence, and religious pleas--than the stone engravings and recorded texts that were intended to be passed down to later generations.

One of the most important papyrus discoveries of recent years was the revelation in 2001 that a scrap of papyrus that had been discarded and used to wrap a mummy contained 110 previously unknown epigrams (short, witty poems) by the Hellenistic poet Posidippus (ca. 280-240 B.C.). Posidippus lived in Alexandria and benefited from the support of King Ptolemy II Philadelphos (ruled 284-246 B.C.). These new epigrams have yielded fascinating insight into the court culture and literary sensibilities of early Hellenistic Egypt.

King Ptolemy, of course, was also a sponsor of the famous library of Alexandria, the greatest depository of knowledge in the ancient world. According to the twelfth-century Byzantine writer John Tzetzes, the ancient library contained nearly half a million papyrus scrolls. If that library had not burned down, maybe archeologists today would not have to spend so much of their time sorting through ancient trash!

What does the author imply by the final statement: "If that library, had not burned down, maybe archeologists today would not have to spend so much of their time sorting through ancient trash!" ?()

A. The author implies that if the library had not burned down, archeologists would be able to appreciate the full cultural legacy of King Ptolemy Ⅱ Philadelphos.

B. The author implies that if the library had not burned down, scholars today would have not only the full works of Posidippus, but also those of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.

C. The author implies that if the library had not burned down, the scrolls contained within the library would have decomposed before modern times in any event, because they would not have been preserved in the dry heat of the desert.

D. The author implies that if the library had not burned down, it might have contained more complete details about the life and culture of Hellenistic Egypt than can be found in the papyrus fragments from ancient refuse dumps.

E. The author implies that if the library had not burned down, the cultural awakening of the Renaissance might have occurred centuries earlier.