问题 问答题

[案例二]
工程造价计价是对投资项目造价(价格)的计算,也可称为工程估价。工程项目的技术经济特点如单件性、体积大、生产周期长、价值高,以及交易在先、生产在后等,使得工程项目造价形成过程和机制与其他商品不同。
工程计价的主要特点就是把工程结构分解,将工程分解至基本项就能较容易地计算出基本子项的费用。一般来说,分解结构层次越多,基本子项也越细,计算也更精确。
工程造价的计算从分解到组合的特征都与建设项目的组合性有关。一个建设项目是一个工程综合体。这个综合体可以分解为许多有内在联系的独立和不独立的工程,建设项目的工程计价过程就是一个逐步组合的过程。
根据以上内容,回答下列问题:

工程造价计价的特征是什么

答案

参考答案:工程造价计价主要有以下几个特征。
(1)单件性计价。任何建设工程产品单位的价值都不会完全相同,不能规定统一的造价,只能就各个建设项目或单项工程或单位工程,通过特殊的计价程序(编制估算、概算、预算、合同价、结算价及最后确定竣工决算价)进行单件性计价。
(2)多次性计价。为了适应各个工程建设阶段的造价控制与管理,建设工程应按照国家规定的计价程序,根据工程建设程序中各阶段的进展,相应做出多次性的计价。
(3)方法的多样性。
(4)组合性计价。
(5)计价依据的复杂性。计价依据的复杂性,不仅体现在计算过程复杂,而且对计价人员提出了更高的要求。

阅读理解

Winter is dangerous because it’s so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so easily. Fog can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill. Ice might be hiding under the melting(融化)snow, waiting ahead to send you off the road. The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the road.

Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly(平稳地). Sudden movements can make a car very difficult to control. So every time you either start or stop your car, increase or reduce your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Suppose you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. Drive so that you wouldn’t spill(溅) it.

Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the further down the road you have to look. Test how long it takes to gently stop your car. Remember that you may be driving more quickly than you think. Generally, allow twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all times and you will not get into trouble.

小题1:The writer tries to       in this passage.

A.show his dislikes about bad winter weather

B.give information about winter weather

C.ask people not to drive in winter

D.advise people about safe driving in winter小题2:According to the passage, the writer thinks that      .

A.people should not drive in the snow

B.drivers should think more about problems in winter driving

C.people drive too fast in winter

D.winter drivers should stop their cars less小题3:In the passage the writer talks about a cup of coffee     .

A.to show how important smooth movements are

B.to ask the drivers to bring some soft drinks with them

C.to tell the drivers to be more relaxed

D.to show how it can be spilled小题4:Which of the following is NOT TRUE?    

A.Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.

B.Fog and melting snow often cause car accidents.

C.The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.

D.In winter you should drive your car with great care.小题5:Which traffic sign shows the main idea of the passage?     

A.              B.

C.              D.

单项选择题