The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions, the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute the fundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. （1）defines a general set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters, Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A （2）in software architecture is a representation used to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually used in conjunction with many adjunct terms. The（3） defines the key strategies, organization, goals and related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the （4）may be more of a set of guidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across the enterprise. The （5）, which describes the high-level set of elements involved in application from a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definition rather than application process level definition.
（1）是（）
A. Architectural pattern
B. Architectural description
C. Architectural view
D. Architectural viewpoint
参考答案：A
解析：
[参考译文] 软件架构是一组软件构件、子系统、关联关系、交互关系以及其中每个元素的特性和一组指导原则，这些共同构成一个软件系统或一组系统的基本特性和约束。架构模式定义了一组通用的元素类型及其交互关系。其中的例子包括Pipes and Filters、MVC和Reflection。软件架构中的模型是一种表现形式，用于从一个或多个方面理解或记录一个问题或解决方案。架构通常会与一些附属词结合起来使用。业务架构定义了企业的关键策略、组织、目标和相关过程。在企业层面，应用架构可能更多的是一组关于应该如何在整个企业一致地构建各种软件架构的指导原则。参考架构捕述了源自特定领域的应用涉及的高层元素集合及其交互关系，通常用于关注子系统的定义而不是应用过程级别定义。