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问题 单项选择题

为研究幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌的关系，开展以下研究：①进行病例对照研究得到OR=2.75，P＜0.05；②在国内外进行的数十个病例对照研究和队列研究结果都提示相似的结果。结论：幽门螺杆菌是胃癌发病的病因之一。

在国内外进行的数十个病例对照研究和队列研究结果都提示相似的结果。
该结果符合病因判断标准中的

A．关联的可重复性
B．剂量一反应关系证据
C．关联的特异性
D．关联合理性证据
E．终止效应证据

答案

参考答案：A

单项选择题

根据《电子计算机机房设计规范》GB50174-93，电子计算机机房应采用四种接地方式。将电气设备的金属外壳通过接地装置与大地直接连接起来是（23）。根据《建筑物防雷设计规范》（GB50057-1990），每根引下线的冲击接地电阻不宜大于（24）欧姆。

A、交流工作接地队 

B、安全工作接地 

C、直流工作接地 

D、防雷接地 
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Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.
After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.
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