问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一1787年宪法把国家权力分为立法、司法和行政三部分,国会由参议院和众议院组成,掌握立法权。总统是国家元首、政府首脑和军队总司令,掌握国家的行政大权;总统对宪法负责,有权否决国会通过的法律,但国会复议时若以三分之二多数再次通过,即为有效;总统有权提名任命政府高级官员;总统有权与外国缔结条约,但须得到国会的批准方可生效。最高法院掌握司法权,对法律拥有最高司法解释权,经过审查可以宣布国会的立法违宪,可以宣布总统或政府行为违宪。三者独立平等,但互相制约,以防止专制的出现,这充分体现了三权分立原则。

根据现行的美国宪法第二十二修正案,美国总统任期4年,可以连任一届。法律上说总统由选举人团于选举年12月“间接选举”产生,但选举人投票意向由选民事先决定,绝大多数州和首都实行“胜者全得”制度。

——摘编自人教版《历史必修一》等

材料二美国联邦最高法院是美国最高审判机构,由总统征得参议院同意后任命的9名终身法官组成,其判例对全国有约束力,享有特殊的司法审查权,即有权通过具体案例宣布联邦或各州的法律是否违宪。

美国联邦最高法院的法官只要忠于职守,可终身任职。终身制可以保证法官不受来自行政机构的压力,确保司法不偏不倚,当政府成为诉讼一方当事人时,法官也不用违背法律与良心作出有利于政府的裁决。

因为在该部门任职是终身的,所以必然很快消除对任命他们的权力的一切依赖思想。因此,虽然联邦最高法院法官是由参议院提名及同意,总统任命的,但一旦这些被提名人当上终身制的法官,他们就无需再服从其原先的政党、总统、参议院的意志来审判。

——摘编自庄崴《论美国宪法的特点》等

根据材料,指出美国联邦最高法院法官与美国总统的不同之处。

答案

参考答案:

不同:任命制;特殊的司法审查权;任职终身制;身份独立。

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     You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. In fact an English dictionary
you   1   today wasn't made until the Qing Dynasty (清朝). Three men did most of the important   2   work on
dictionaries. They spent nearly all their lives trying to   3   words for their dictionaries. For them, it was a
wonderful journey. The largest dictionary in the world is Oxford English Dictionary. The   4   for this dictionary
came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.
     Murray had never been to   5  . At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself
while working in a bank.   6   he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small
house   7   in his garden to do the work. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and   8   in the
small house several hours before breakfast. Often he would work into the night. Murray hoped to finish the new
dictionary in the years. But after five years, he was   9   adding (增加) words for the letter "A"! He worked on the
dictionary  10   he was very old. Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished the dictionary.
( ) 1. A. use    
( ) 2. A. easy   
( ) 3. A. spell  
( ) 4. A. way    
( ) 5. A. school  
( ) 6. A. Later  
( ) 7. A. sold   
( ) 8. A. read   
( ) 9. A. already
( ) 10. A. if     
B. write        
B. boring       
B. invent       
B. idea         
B. cinema          
B. before 
B. built        
B. wrote        
B. still        
B. because    
C. copy      
C. early     
C. collect   
C. use       
C. village           
C. So far   
C. broken    
C. worked    
C. usually   
C. until   
D. miss         
D. dangerous    
D. make         
D. prize        
D. college      
D. Ever since          
D. drawn        
D. thought      
D. always       
D. since      
单项选择题 A1/A2型题