问题 填空题 案例分析题

糖皮质激素由肾上腺皮质分泌,其调节作用的机理如图1所示。请分析回答

糖皮质激素在人体中分泌的调节如图2所示。

 

下丘脑分泌的()促进()分泌促肾上腺皮质激素,从而促进肾上腺释放糖皮质激素。当临床治疗大量注射糖皮质激素后,图2所示的()调节机制会导致三种激素的分泌量()。

答案

参考答案:促糖皮质激素释放激素;垂体;反馈;下降

解析:

(1)由图1看出,糖皮质激素进入细胞后先与其受体结合,才能进入细胞核内启动基因表达。该基因表达的结果是抗体减少,说明分泌抗体的浆细胞合成受抑制,从而抑制了体液免疫功能。另一方面该基因表达还促进了非糖物质转化为糖,减少了细胞对葡萄糖的利用,都会使血糖升高。

(2)图2所示为激素分泌的分级调节过程。下丘脑通过分泌促糖皮质激素释放激素作用于垂体,促进垂体分泌促糖皮质激素,进而作用于肾上腺皮质,促进其分泌糖皮质激素。若糖皮质激素含量过高,就会反过来抑制下丘脑和垂体分泌相关激素,这样糖皮质激素的含量就不至于过高。这种调节为反馈调节机制。

考点:本题考查有关激素的作用机制,免疫调节相关内容和激素分泌的分级调节相关知识,意在考查考生从图中获取信息的能力和理论联系实际,综合运用所学知识解决社会生活中一些生物学问题的能力。

多项选择题
完形填空
完形填空。
     Last weekend,  my kids along with few other kids from the neighborhood volunteered to help me wash
my car. My 10-year-old daughter came up with the idea of   1   other people's cars as well.It was pretty     2  outside and I had no plans to   3  being in the bright sun She   4  wanted to give emonade(柠檬汽水) to passers-by for free. I had seen little kids   5   and sell fresh lemonade for a small cost but not free.
Although I felt   6 , I decided to help her.
          7    she asked me, "What if we   8   this a smile car wash?" I couldn't hold back my tears and   9     her and the other kids to go outside the house and come up with   10 ideas. While I kept myself busy in
drying the car, the gang walked up to me with a(n)    11     with beautiful images of smiles. They had "Free Car Wash" written on it and the   12   of their exercise was "smile". It was pretty neat to see a team of
kids ranging 5-11 years with the  13   to do something for others.
      All that seemed  14  and came right from their heart. Nothing seemed to 15  to them: their playtime,
the heat outside-they just wanted to   16   others and do something nice in the community!
      I helped them make some fresh lemonade and brought out some additional   17   to help clean cars.
Passers-by were  18  and one even shouted back to them saying "God Bless You, my kids ... " One of
them even tried giving them 5 dollars, which they refused. A pretty heartwarming 19    !
     I feel blessed by being  20  by such wonderful andloving souls.
( )1. A. drying      
( )2. A. quiet      
( )3. A. suggest    
( )4. A. further    
( )5. A. choose      
( )6. A. worried    
( )7. A. Finally    
( )8. A. show        
( )9. A. challeng    
( )10. A. creative  
( )11. A. board      
( )12. A. purpose    
( )13. A. need      
( )14. A. important  
( )15. A. matter    
( )16. A. relax      
( )17. A. food      
( )18. A. interested
( )19. A. scene      
( )20. A. supported  
B. repairing      
B. hot            
B. avoid          
B. therefore      
B. enjoy          
B. popular        
B. Simply        
B.leave          
B. expected      
B. ready          
B. picture        
B. trouble        
B. duty          
B. disappointing  
B. mean          
B. try            
B. rags          
B. amazed        
B. scenery        
B. understood    
C. washing    
C. different  
C. continue    
C. already    
C. buy        
C. confused    
C. Then        
C. make        
C. invited    
C. changed    
C. idea        
C. secret      
C. imagination
C. hopeful    
C. belong      
C. help        
C. money      
C. bored      
C. story      
C. refused    
D. decorating  
D. dirty        
D. practise    
D. hardly      
D. serve        
D. difficult    
D. Luckily      
D. order        
D. encouraged  
D. familiar    
D. car          
D. theme        
D. sense        
D. natural      
D. refer        
D. smile        
D. fruit        
D. frightened  
D. view        
D. surrounded