问题 问答题

Fatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends, and relatives. You’d think in this era of labor-saving and convenient transportation that few people would have reason to be so tired. The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excessive physical exertion. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of underexercise than of wearing yourself down with overactivity.

Physical fatigue is the well-known result of overworking your muscles. (46) Physical fatigue is usually a pleasant tiredness, such as that which you might experience after playing a hard set of tennis, chopping wood, or climbing a mountain. The cure is simple and fast: You rest, giving your body a chance to get rid of accumulated waste and restore muscle fuel.

(47) Illness induced fatigue is a warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder, perhaps the common cold or flu or something more serious like cancer, while other symptoms are present that often suggest the true cause. Even after an illness passed, you’re likely to feel dragged out for a week or more. (48) Take your fatigue as a signal to go slow while your body has a chance to recover fully even if all you had was a cold. Pushing yourself to resume full activity too soon will certainly prolong your period of fatigue.

Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often come out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. (49) Understanding the underlying emotional problem is the crucial first step toward curing psychological fatigue and by itself often results in considerable lessening of the tiredness. Professional psychological help or career or marriage counseling may be needed.

There is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with both severe prolonged fatigue and those periodic washed-out feelings. You might try to do moderate exercise. (50) Contrary to what you may think, exercise enhances, rather than drains, engery and helps you to resist fatigue by increasing your body’s ability to handle more of a workload. At the end of a day exercise can relieve accumulated tensions, give you more energy in the evening, and help you sleep more restfully.

(46) Physical fatigue is usually a pleasant tiredness, such as that which you might experience after playing a hard set of tennis, chopping wood, or climbing a mountain.

答案

参考答案:

身体上的劳累通常是一种令人愉快的疲惫,比如打一场激烈的网球、劈木柴或者爬山之后可能就会有这种感觉。

解析:

[要点分析] 此句应该注意代词that及其后的定语从句的翻译。根据语义可以得知代词that指代前半句中的表语a pleasant tiredness,而定语从句其实也就是对名词短语a pleasant tiredness的修饰。因此,在翻译时,有必要在后面用名词短语“这种感觉”部分地重复前面的名词短语“愉快的疲惫”。另外,定语从句中的主语you没有必要翻译出来,这里代词you泛指任何人,因为这种疲惫感是任何人都能体验到的。考查点:对代词的指代的判断和翻译。

阅读理解与欣赏

让儿子独立一回

凌鼎年

  儿子真是争气,以全县高考总分第三名的好成绩被上海财经大学录取。

  史工程师比当年自己考取大学要高兴得多,满脸的阳光,满脸的春色。

  望子成龙,是中国人的传统,这些年来,儿子他妈真是费尽了心血。真可谓儿子读一年级,她也读一年级,年年这样陪着读陪着复习。如今儿子是如愿以偿考取了大学,他妈却病倒了。

  病床上的她念念不忘的是儿子开学在即,自己将不能亲自送儿子去大学,这叫她如何放心得下?她坚持叫丈夫无论如何要把儿子送到大学,安顿好了才回来。

  史工程师更放心不下妻子,与妻子商量说:“让儿子独立一回吧?”

  “不行!没娶媳妇总是孩子。哪能让儿子一个人去大学。再说这孩子你也知道,他能行吗?”

  妻子的担心不是没有一点道理的。儿子长这么大了,没买过一回菜,没烧过一顿饭,没洗过一件衣,没拖过一次地,就连床也都是他妈铺的。自小到现在,从未单独出过一回门,就像鸡雏似的从未离开过母鸡翅膀的保护。而现在,猛一下就叫儿子一个人去经风雨见世面,她一百个放心不下。

  史工程师开导妻子说:儿子是去上海读大学,又不是去非洲探险去神农架考察野人,不会有什么事的。想当年,我十七八岁时不是去长征大串联吗,家里谁跟我去了?你在儿子年纪时,不是报名去了黄海边的建设兵团,你爹妈送你到了海边?没有吧。常言道,到啥山,砍啥柴。

  让儿子独立一回有好处……

  几乎是磨破了嘴皮子,好说歹说,妻子才十分勉强十分不愿意地不再持反对票,但她拖了一句:“就是我同意,儿子也不会同意的,人家父母都送,他父母不送,多没面子……”

  简直是出乎意外,儿子很平静地说:“早该让我独立了。”

  儿子去大学前一天,史工程师关照了又关照,诸如碰到意外情况立即找警察,安顿好后,先打电话回来,再写封详细的信……

  儿子去了三天,没有电话,儿子去了七天,依然没有音信。史工程师夫妇急了。妻子要史工程师无论如何亲自去一趟学校。

  正当史工程师准备去上海时,儿子的信来了。夫妇不啻接到福音书,迫不及待地打开。不料随信纸带出的是叠发票,共有:

  娄城至上海中巴车票一张

  上海出租车票一张

  大三元酒家餐费发票一张

  新华书店购书发票一张

  另附纸一份,上注明:

  付搬运费、服务费、冷饮费若干

  买饭菜票若干……

  乖乖,不连学杂费,光这些额外开支,就一千多。

  看了儿子的信才知道,儿子这回过了下独立瘾。他去上海时,不坐公共汽车乘中巴,到了上海后,打的去学校,到了学校后,花钱请人搬行李,乃至挂蚊帐铺床他都未自己动手。为了搞好关系,他买了一箱冰淇淋,凡那天在他宿舍的,不管是同学教师,还是他们的父母、朋友,一概由他请了。第三天,他又请同宿舍的到大三元酒家聚了聚……

  史工程师看了信和发票,不知说什么才好。他妻子看了,一颗十五个吊桶七上八下般的心总算放了下来。她很欣慰地说:“我这儿子,是做大事的料!”

  史工程师没有接嘴,他大概正在为如何为儿子回信而伤脑筋呢。

1.下列对小说的分析和概括,不正确的两项是[ ]

A.小说采用明暗交织的双线结构,明写史工程师夫妇为儿子事事操心,事事包办的过程,暗写儿子事事被父母包办缺乏独立能力的成长过程。

B.小说主要采用语言描写、动作描写和心理描写等描写方法,刻画了一位爱子胜过爱自己、事事为儿子操心、时时为儿子牵肠挂肚的慈母形象。

C.小说通过儿子在大学里为搞好关系花钱请客的事情,含蓄而有力地批判了社会上的一些不正之风对当代大学生的毒害。

D.小说语言富有特色,有些语言略带讽刺而引人深思,如“真可谓儿子读一年级,她也读一年级”、“我这儿子,是做大事的料”等等。

E.小说借史工程师家的故事,既批判了父母溺爱孩子事事包办的错误的教育方式,同时也对年轻一代起到了一种告诫、警醒的作用。

2.小说中“儿子去了三天,没有电话,儿子去了七天,依然没有音信。”一句有什么作用?

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3.小说中的儿子上大学后之所以缺乏独立能力,有人认为错在史工程师夫妇,也有人认为错在儿子?试结合文本选择一种观点进行探究。

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