______in the strength of the carrier signal is varied to represent binary 1 or 0．______is a system that can map a name to an address and conversely an address to an name．()is a three-way handshaking authentication protocol that it’s packets are encapsulated in the point-to-point protocol______is an approach that enables an ATM Switch to behave like a LAN switch．______is an guided media which is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the form of light．

A．PPP 

B．PAP 

C．CHAP

D．LCP