Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.
(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.
The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.
"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
1（）
A.embodied
B.included
C.concluded
D.consisted
参考答案：B
解析：
[解题思路] 本句是承接第一句，对实验对象的构成进行说明。只有include有“包括”的意思而且为及物动词。四个选项中，首先排除[A]和[C]，两者均不具有“由……构成”或“包括”之类的含义。[A] embodied用法举例：The letter embodies all her ideas．这封信代表了她全部的看法。[C] concluded用法举例：The meeting concluded after two hours．两个小时后会议结束了。[D] consisted虽然也有“包含”之意，但它是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，它通常与of构成搭配，consist of用法举例：The audience consisted mainly of teenagers．观众主要是由青少年组成。