问题 单项选择题

一位长期从事醉酒及酒精中毒研究的医生发现,一般情况下,醉酒者的暴力倾向远远高于未饮酒者或适度饮酒者。据此,该医生断定,具有暴力倾向的人容易喝醉酒。
以下哪项最严重地削弱了这位医生的断定

A.一些从未喝过酒的人也具有很强的暴力倾向。
B.在喝酒上瘾并醉洒时,人们往往会行为失控并出现暴力行为。
C.该医生研究的对象除了暴力倾向外,还有一些其他不良嗜好。
D.当人们喝醉酒时经常会采用暴力行为发泄心中的不满。
E.当一个人醉酒程度程高时,已经无法控制自己的行为,即使有暴力行为发生,也不会造成严重后果。

答案

参考答案:D

解析: D指出题干因果倒置,不是暴力导致喝酒,而是喝酒导致暴力。

阅读理解与欣赏

(三)阅读下面文章,回答问题。

                          

万焕生

草地岁月,是红军长征中一段最为艰苦的历程。红军指战员在饥寒交迫的情况下,向北    。走在前面的部队断粮后可挖野菜吃,走在后面的部队则连野菜也找不到。

彭德怀率领红三军团负责殿后,他眼见战士们一个个因饥饿而昏倒在地,便把目光盯向了自己的坐骑大黑骡子。这匹从江西出发就跟随彭德怀走向长征路的黑骡子,一路上又驮伤病员,又驮粮食和器材,每天它的背上堆得像座小山似的。有时,彭德怀抚摸着黑骡子念叨着:“你太辛苦了,连一点料都没有。”说着,把自己的干粮分出一块,悄悄地塞进黑骡子的嘴里,深情地看着骡子吃完。

现在,草地上断粮了,彭德怀决定杀坐骑解决燃眉之急,他把饲养员喊来,问道:“总共还有几头牲口?”

“连你的大黑骡子还有6头。”老饲养员不解地回答。

“好,全部集中起来,杀掉吃肉!”彭德怀话一出口就是命令。

“什么,杀掉?你不出草地啦!”老饲养员着急了。几个警卫员听说后也急忙围拢过来,大声说:“军团长,大黑骡子可不能杀啊!”

彭德怀深情地望着拴在不远处的大黑骡子,平静地对警卫员们说:“部队现在连野菜都吃不上了,只有杀牲口,赶快解决吃的,我们或许能多些人走出草地。”

老饲养员掉着眼泪对彭德怀说:“可是你怎么走出草地?别的可以杀,大黑骡子一定要留下,它为革命立过功。”

彭德怀拍着老饲养员的肩膀说:“你们能走,我也能走。雪山不是已经走过来了吗?草地又算得了什么!大黑骡子是为革命立了功,这次就让它最后立一次大功吧!”

“还是把大黑骡子留下吧!” 大家仍在请求。

彭德怀有些不耐烦了,他大声对身边的警卫邱南辉道:“传我的命令,让方副官长负责杀骡子!”

6匹牲口集中到了一起。老饲养员抱着大黑骡子的脖子在轻轻絮语:“大黑骡子呀,大黑骡子,委屈你了,你为革命立大功吧!”

彭德怀背过脸去。

枪声没有响,谁也不愿意开枪。

10分钟过去了,没有人下得了那个狠心。6匹牲口都好像预感到什么,集体嘶叫了数声,又都默默地低下高昂的头。

20分钟过去了,仍然没有听到枪声。

“副官长,快开枪!你不向它们开枪,我就要向你开枪!”彭德怀双手叉在腰间怒吼道。

手提机枪的方副官长把大黑骡子向远处牵了牵,枪口对准6匹牲口,大家都闭上了眼睛。枪声响了。彭德怀转过身,缓缓摘下军帽,向着斜倒下的大黑骡子。

这天晚上,草地篝火旁多了些生机。彭德怀推开警卫员端来的一碗肉汤,发火道:“我吃不下,端开!”

漫漫长征路,再也见不到大黑骡子的背影,它化入北进的滚滚铁流,融进了宣传鼓动员的竹板声,合奏出红军指战员们行进步伐的节拍来:“身无御寒衣,肚内饥,晕倒了爬起来,跟上去,走到宿营地。”

小题1:.通读全文,为文章拟写一个恰当的标题。

小题2:.第一段横线处,应填的最恰当的词语是:      。(A.行进 B.挺进 C.前进)

小题3:.“大黑骡子一定要留下,它为革命立过功。” 大黑骡子为革命立过哪些功?

小题4:.彭德怀既然决心枪杀大黑骡子,又为什么向斜倒下的大黑骡子“缓缓摘下军帽”?

小题5:.联系语境,分析结尾段中黑体词语“化入”“融进”“合奏出”的表达效果。

小题6:.本文刻画彭德怀主要运用了什么描写方法?表现了他怎样的精神品质?

阅读理解

“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone(腔调)with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.

The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”

The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

小题1: How does the author understand Maxie’s words?

A.Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.

B.Maxie really wishes the author a good day.

C.Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.

D.Maxie really worries about the author’s security.小题2: What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.The salesgirl is rude.

B.The salesgirl is bored.

C.The salesgirl cares about me.

D.The salesgirl says the words as a routine.小题3:By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may    

A.try to be polite to you

B.express respect to you

C.give his blessing to you

D.share his pleasure with you小题4:According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day”    

A.sincerely

B.as thanks

C.as a habit

D.encouragingly小题5: What is the best title of the passage?

A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

C.Have a Nice Day — a Heart-warming Greeting

D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation