问题 填空题 案例分析题

下图表示人体细胞受到病毒攻击后发生的部分免疫反应,据图回答有关人体免疫的问题。

图示①—④的4个途径中,一定会发生膜上受体与细胞外分子相互识别过程的有()

答案

参考答案:①、②、③

解析:

(1)人体免疫系统主要由免疫器官、免疫细胞和免疫活性物质组成,浆细胞是分泌抗体的细胞应是图中的细胞VI,抗体主要存在于血浆中。

(2)图中细胞Ⅰ完成的免疫应答过程③有两种机制,一种是通过与靶细胞密切接触,最终导致靶细胞裂解,另一种是通过活化靶细胞内核酸酶,破坏靶细胞的DNA,是诱导靶细胞凋亡,同时抗原也被消灭。

(3)附着核糖体的内质网主要是参与分泌蛋白的合成和运输,表面受体需要核糖体内质网加工,产生水解酶也需要内质网的加工,分泌蛋白更需要内质网加工,故A、B、D正确。ATP的合成和内质网无关。

(4)某种初始状态的T细胞会产生淋巴因子,作用于B细胞。

(5)①是巨噬细胞直接吞噬病毒,需要识别病毒,②过程将抗原处理后呈递给T细胞,T细胞需要识别抗原,③过程是效应T细胞与靶细胞识别结合,④过程是抗体与抗原的结合,不需要识别,故应选①、②、③。

考点:本题考查免疫调节相关知识,意在考察考生对知识点的理解掌握和对图形分析识别能力。

阅读理解

    On April twenty-second, some American children stayed out of school but they were not punished. They were with their parents. As Faith Lapidus tells us, it was Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day.

The Ms. Foundation for Women started the program seventeen years ago, in 1993. At first it was just called Take Our Daughters to Work. Gloria Steinem and other foundation leaders pointed to studies showing that self-image suffers as girls become teenagers. They can lose trust in their abilities and intelligence, especially in areas like science, math and technology. So the Ms. Foundation planned a day for parents in New York City to show girls all the possibilities for them in the professional world. But there was so much interest, the organizers decided to make it national.

At first, girls mostly followed their mom or dad around at work to learn about their jobs. Later, employers and schools began to offer organized activities. But from the beginning there were protests(反对) from parents and others about the exception of boys. So in 2003 the day was renamed Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work.

2007 was the last year that the Ms. Foundation for Women headed the program. Now, the event is run by a twelve-person group called the Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Foundation.

The event is connected with Mattel, the company that makes Barbie dolls.

Carolyn McKecuen is president of the foundation. She says a total of about thirty-three million children and adults are involved in the program. About one-third of the adults work at large companies or nonprofit organizations. Another third are in small businesses. The rest work in education.

Carolyn McKecuen says the numbers from this year's event are not final yet. But early reports suggest that participation was up at least ten percent from last year. And she says the foundation is hoping to find support to expand the program internationally. She says there are lots of requests from other countries for information about how to set up similar programs.

小题1:It was called Take Our Daughters to Work at first because ______.

A.girls are considered to be clever than boys

B.girls are considered to be more foolish than boys

C.girls aren’t confident in some areas as they becomes older

D.girls don’t want to learn some science subjects小题2:Why was the day renamed as Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day later?

A.Because some parents were against only girls’ having the chance.

B.Because some parents wouldn’t like to take their daughters to work.

C.Because some employers were against parents’ taking their children to work.

D.Because some schools didn’t want to give any students’ time to leave school.小题3:How many years did the Ms. Foundation for Women head the program?

A.17

B.18

C.14

D.10小题4:From this passage we can learn ______.

A.April twenty-second is a day for some American children to stay out of school for punishment

B.the Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day is a national in America

C.Mattel is the president of the foundation whose company makes Barbie dolls

D.Lots of other countries want to set up similar programs for parents and children小题5:The last paragraph shows that ______.

A.the program becomes more and more welcome

B.the program will come an end without international support

C.the program has been copied by many other countries

D.Carolyn McKecuen wants more and more children to take part in the program

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