问题 问答题

测量调查有哪些类型

答案

参考答案:测量调查是用一组测试题去测定某种教育现象的实际情境,从而收集资料数据进行研究的一种方法。其基本特点是根据一定法则,以测验为工具对研究对象进行测试并进行数量化分析。测量调查包括以下基本类型:
(1)定名测量
定名测量是最简单的测量水平。在这一测量水平上,数字仅是代表或表示事物,而无任何数量大小的含义。学生的学号、机动车的车牌号等属于定名测量。定名测量既无绝对零点,又无相等单位,不能进行量化分析,不能比较大小,也不能进行加减乘除的运算。它适用的统计方法有次数、百分数等。
(2)定序测量
定序测量是比命名量表高一级水平,量表中的数据已有数量大小的含义。例如,体育比赛中的名次、能力等级等。在顺序量表中,数字仅代表等级或顺序位置,它既无绝对零点,又无相等单位,故不能进行加减乘除的运算。它适用的统计方法有中位数、百分数、斯皮尔曼等级相关等。
(3)定距测量
定距测量中,数字不但可以按大小排序,而且一定数量的差异在整个量表的所有部分都是相等的,也就是有相等单位。但没有绝对零点,只有人为定的相对零点。由于等距量表中的数字有相等单位,因此,可以进行加减运算,但由于没有绝对零点,故不能进行乘除运算。它适用的统计方法有平均数、标准差和T检验等。
(4)比率测量
比率测量是最高水平的量表。它既有绝对零点,又有相等单位。等比量表中的数字可进行任何形式的运算。
(5)学业成就测量
学业成就测量也称教育测验,旨在测量学生经过学习或训练后,所获得的某科或某组学科的知识和技能,最终以被试取得的学业成绩来表现。
(6)智力测量
智力测量也称一般能力测验,旨在测量被试智力水平的高低,测量的是实际能力。
(7)能力倾向测量
能力倾向测量旨在测量被试潜在的某种能力,以了解被试的发展倾向。智力测量和能力倾向测量统称能力测验,我国最常用的能力测验有中国比内智力量表、韦氏儿童智力量表中国修订版、瑞文推理测验等。
(8)人格测量
人格测量也称个性测验,主要用于测量性格、气质、兴趣和态度等个性特点。个性测验多为典型的行为测验,即测验要求被试按其习惯的方式作出反应,答案无对错之分。这类测验在心理诊断、职业指导、人员选拔等领域有着广泛的应用。最常用的人格测验有艾森克人格问卷、卡特尔16项人格因素量表等。

填空题

Part 3


Questions 19-25


·Read the following passage and answer questions 19-25.
·For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D.
·Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language. Mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Brittany, Ireland, South African, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the varieties of English found in these areas, there are great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
It is virtually possible to estimate the number of people in the world who acquired adequate work knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situation in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are produced and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purpose as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread information over the radio and television networks of many nations for the number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the west.

______ would be likely to use English.

A.Countries where international conferences are held

B.Countries geographically close to the United States

C.Former colonies of Great Britain

D.Countries interested in the culture of the United States

单项选择题 案例分析题