问题 问答题

(3)如何理解材料5中“这是从我们中国特殊历史条件中产生出来的政策”

答案

参考答案:(1)材料1和材料3中提出了通过农业合作化实现农业社会主义改造的重要观点。材料4中指出,根据我国互助合作的历史经验,创造了由临时互助组——初级社——高级社逐步过渡的形式,开辟了一条适合中国特点的农业合作化道路。这条道路规定发展互助组和生产合作社必须贯彻自愿和互利的原则,采取典型示范、国家帮助、逐步推广的方法,使农民比较自然地、比较顺利地脱离了土地和其他主要生产资料的私有制,避免了农业减产,同时也培养了干部。
(2)“这整个匪帮”是指资产阶级。恩格斯在这里提出了以赎买方法解决资产阶级问题的伟大设想,同时,他还提出,无产阶级取得 * * 后,究竟采取哪种形式实现社会主义生产资料的公有制的任务,只能根据各国的社会历史特点和具体情况来决定。恩格斯的这些思想为中国对资本主义工商业进行的社会主义改造提供了重要的理论依据。
(3)这里“政策”是指我国对资本主义工商业社会主义改造所采取的“和平赎买政策”。实施这一政策的特殊的历史条件是:①中国民族资产阶级是具有两面性的阶级,在资产阶级民主革命时期,它有革命性的一面,又有妥协性的一面;在社会主义革命时期,它有剥削工人阶级取得利润的一面,又有拥护宪法和愿意接受社会主义改造的一面。②我国经济落后,工商业不发达,需要利用私营工商业有利于国计民生的积极作用,加快国民经济的恢复和发展。我国民族资产阶级中的大多数人具有不同程度的现代科学文化知识,对其实行和平改造,有利于发挥他们的知识和才能为社会主义建设服务。

填空题

Questions 9-18


·Read the following article and answer questions 9-18 on the next page.

Apples: The Live Longer Fruit


0. Apples have been a product of healthy eating for many years, and the often-repeated line of an apple a day keeping the doctor away is far from a myth. Apples really do have a wonderful variety of nutritional benefits, and are a tasty addition to any diet of good health and longevity. Below is a list of the top five benefits of making apples a standard part of your daily diet.
1. Pectin (果胶) is a source of dietary fiber and a very handy nutrient to have in one’s diet. While it is also found in oranges, plums, and other fruits, apples have the highest concentration of them all. Pectin works to increase the stool’s volume and resistance of fluids and is therefore helpful in treating constipation, diarrhea, and generally improving the health of the bowels (肠) .
2. A study on nutrition and heart disease found that eating three apples a day for three months can help you to drop your cholesterol by at least 20 points. How does this happen Apple pectin, that miraculous source of dietary fiber, helps to draw bad LDL cholesterol out of the system. Not only that, but the antioxidant quercetin(栎皮酮)that is found in apples inhibits the LDL cholesterol from even accumulating in the body’s bloodstream.
3. The high amounts of quercetin, other flavonoids (类黄酮) , and phytochemicals (植物化学 因子) found in this fruit deliver potent antioxidant activity to all who eat an apple, and with that inhibit the actions of free radicals. In addition, the phytochemicals may act against cancer-causing substances, which will likewise help to prevent cancer. This means that apple eating prevents cancer of the prostate (前列腺) and lung, as well as other parts of the body.
4. There may have been many generations of explorers that sought the fountain of youth, but all they had to do was fight the daily stresses of life with a tasty apple! The phytochemicals that come from the bright colors you find in the skins of your favorite apple variety, along with aiding the apple’s ability to lower cholesterol and fight cancer, also inhibits the onset of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and other conditions that lead to potentially weakening situations in old age.
5. If keeping a full head of hair will help you to age more gracefully, then chow down on some apples. Chinese medicine considers hair loss to be a sign of a reduced kidney essence, and apples are on the list of fruits and vegetables that will help you to restore this essence and nourish the blood that flows to your hair follicles (毛囊) .

Questions 9-13


·For questions 9-13, choose the best title for each paragraph from the box below.
·For each numbered paragraph (1-5). mark one letter (A -G) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
  • A. Apples lower cholesterol.
  • B. Apples benefit young and old.
  • C. Apples slow the aging process.
  • D. Apples reduce the risk of cancer.
  • E. Apples help to prevent hair loss.
  • F. Apples enrich people’s diet.
  • G. Apples improve the bowels.


Paragraph 5: ______

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