问题 单项选择题

Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most flamboyant, Secretary of State to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 1960’s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a third world war, and Russia was seen as "the enemy".

But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that was the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called "detente", literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissinger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russia-American friction.

In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt. He used his contact later to begin the sort of talks that the American press called "shuttle diplomacy". For ninety-nine days, he "shuttled" back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step-by-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made "shuttle diplomacy" work. It was the only successful approach to Mid-east peace in the thirty years since the state of Israel was founded.

Another major work was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.

Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissinger’s final days in office were affected, as was the entire executive branch in one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissinger’s critics point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his "high-handed" approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon presidency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union.

History will decide in the final view, as Kissinger--and many presidents--often said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a personal vision that will he difficult to match.

It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text that()

A. "shuttle diplomacy" seriously affected the SALT treaty

B. Watergate scandals made Kissinger ineffective

C. some of the things Kissinger initiated are still being worked out

D. Kissinger is an outstanding politician but unable to cope with domestic affairs

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

[注释] 推理判断题。本题问:从本文最后一段可以推理出什么最后一段指出历史将会对基辛格的工作做出评价。不管这种评价怎样,他个人的远见卓识将是举世无双的。可见,有远见卓识的人开创的事业后继者正在逐渐解决。故应选[C]。

多项选择题
单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下面问题。
诸葛亮不是好领导这听起来很奇怪吗一点都不奇怪。
无论是在现代,还是古代,无论是领导一个国家,还是指挥一个企业,正确选拔人才、合理使用人才都是最重要的。“事谋于精,人用其当”,这样才能成功,可诸葛先生恰恰就在“人才”二字上栽了跟头。
按照现代企业管理理论,在员工心目中,一个好领导,不需要整天跟他们吃喝玩乐,也不需要什么事都包办代替,他只需要做好三件事情:选拔并奖励优秀的员工;使员工发挥他们的才干,并且在工作中能力有所提升;及时辞退不称职的员工。我们来看看,诸葛亮做到这三点了吗
“诸葛一生唯谨慎”,用兵谨慎,这是诸葛亮的优点,也是他的缺点。出于这种小心谨慎的个性,诸葛亮在选拔人才方面,总是喜欢找理论高手,比如蒋琬、费讳、姜维、马谩等人。当然,这些人的确都是英才,但却缺乏大胆创新的精神和丰富的实战经验。以至于唯唯诺诺、赞美声一片。
最冤的要属“魏延谋反”一事。不管论武功还是比谋略,魏延都是不亚于“五虎上将”的人选,但却始终得不到重视。当时,魏延曾提出率领万人,偷袭潼关,然而诸葛亮却认为此举草率,没有同意。
诸葛亮死前还做出了“魏延必反”的预测,后来魏延真的反了,这是诸葛亮钓“神机妙算”吗恰恰相反,正是由于诸葛亮长期的压制和猜忌,才造成了魏延的心理失衡,最终走上了毁灭之路。
高明领导不仅能使差的变为好的,更重要的是使好的变为更好的。诸葛亮却使好的变成了差的,教训不可谓不深刻。
对领导者最大的考验不在于你自己的工作成效如何,而在于你不在时属下的工作成效怎样。
诸葛亮辅政后,事无巨细,都要亲自过问,从任免一个县官,到军中打二十板子以上的惩罚要亲自决断,还真是“鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已”啊。
这看上去很令人钦佩,但无意中却限制了人才的发展。结果诸葛亮死后,蜀国人才青黄不接,造成“蜀中无大将,廖化当先锋”的局面。
领导再厉害,也没有三头六臂,因此,大胆使用人才,让他们充分发挥能力,才是实施战略的关键性问题。用什么样的机构去实施、配备哪些人员去完成、实施中出现的问题应该如何解决、确保战略可持续进行的措施有哪些一个成功的领导应该考虑这些,而不是忙着跟下属竞争。有能力的人并不一定适合所有的职位,因此,在择优的时候,要懂得去掉不适合的人选,诸葛亮在这方面也是失误连连。
比较明显的一次,是马谡“失街亭”。马谡自幼熟读兵法,甚为诸葛亮所器重。但刘备觉得马谡言过其实,临终时曾对诸葛亮说:“马谡言过其实,不可大用,君其察之”诸葛亮却不以为然。
马谡的确是一位很出色的参谋人才,为诸葛亮献了不少成功的计谋,但是,他却完全没有实际作战指挥经验,是典型的“纸上谈兵”。失街亭,败在马谡,过在排挤了魏延等宿将的诸葛亮。
人员素质与战略是否相适应、与运营实际是否相适应倘若不适应该怎么办这就是领导必须研究的,如果诸葛亮能提前换下不适合的人选,就不会有“挥泪斩马谡”的悲剧。
看来,诸葛亮在这三个方面的确存在严重问题。尽管他仍然是一位伟大的政治家、军事家甚至发明家,但是,他真的不是好领导。
(一鸣《诸葛亮不是好领导》)

作者对诸葛亮的最终评价是:

A.伟大的政治家。

B.不是一个好领导。

C.伟大的军事家。

D.发明家。