问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一:随着美洲和通往东印度的航线的发现,交往扩大了,工场手工业和整个生产运动有了巨大的发展。从那里输入的新产品,特别是进入流通的大量金银完全改变了阶级之间的相互关系,并且沉重地打击了封建土地所有制和劳动者;冒险的远征,殖民地的开拓,首先是当时市场已经可能扩大为而且日益扩大为世界市场,——所有这一切产生了一个历史发展的新阶段……

——《马克思恩格斯选集》第1卷,人民出版社,1995年版,第110页

材料二:自18世纪下半叶,蒸汽机吐着白气推开现代化大门以来,人类文明发生了深刻的嬗变。在现代化进程的大舞台上,新老大国次第亮相,演绎了各具特色的发展篇章,这当中有一条堪称规律的结论:一个国家要保持充满活力、持续向上的发展态势,关键是让经济发展方式始终与时俱进,找到符合时代潮流、契合自身发展阶段的现代化路径……正是依靠工业革命,转向工业立国,才使英国这个孤悬一隅的小岛,孕育了超凡的能量,成为跨越两个世纪世界发展的领头羊。正是重视科技发明、信奉“专利制度就是将利益的燃料添加到天才之火上”,才使美国这个原本照搬欧洲技术的学生,成为一个具有自主创新能力的国家,抓住机遇跃居世界第一经济强国。

——任仲平《决定现代化命运的重大抉择》

材料三:20世纪以来,中国曾有两次决定现代化命运的重要转型。60年前新中国的成立,完成了由半殖民地半封建社会到新民主主义社会的历史性转变,彻底扫清了中国走向现代化的制度障碍,为当代中国一切发展进步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础……30年前,我们以“摸着石头过河”的勇气、“杀出一条血路”的决心。拉开了改革开放的恢弘巨幕,开始了从计划经济体制到市场经济体制的转变,使我们这个曾占据人类文明中心地位的古老民族,在落后世界现代化进程一个多世纪后,赶上了现代化的最新浪潮。

——任仲平《决定现代化命运的重大抉择》

根据材料二,概括分析英国和美国成为世界经济强国的原因。

答案

参考答案:

英国原因:率先进行技术革命,开展工业革命;走符合时代潮流、契合自身发展阶段的现代化路径。

美国原因:重视科技创新,提高自主创新能力;利用制度推动科技创新。

完形填空
A thousand years ago Hong Kong was covered by a thick forest like the forests we now find in Malaysia and Thailand. As more and more ___36___ came to live in Hong Kong, these trees were cut down and burnt. Now there is no forest left, ___37__ there are still some areas covered with trees. We call these __38__.
Elephants, tigers, monkeys and many other animals used to live in the __39__ forests of Hong Kong, and there were even crocodiles in the ___40__ and along the coast. When people came to live in Hong Kong, the animals began to __41___ out. Early farmers grew rice and kept pigs and chickens in the valleys.
They ___42___ the trees and burnt them. They needed fires to keep themselves ___43___ in the winter, to cook their food, and to keep away from dangerous animals. Elephants quickly disappeared because there was not enough ___44___ for them. So did most of the wolves, and tigers. Monkeys, squirrels and many other animals soon died out in the same __45____.
You might think that there are ___46___ any animals in Hong Kong, except in the __47_____. You might think there can’t be any wild animals in such a __48___ place with so many cars and buildings. But there is __49_____ a good deal of countryside in Hong Kong and New Territories, and there are still about thirty-six different kinds of animals living there.
One of the most interesting of Hong Kong’s ____50___ is the barking deer. They are beautiful little creatures with rich, brown coat and a white patch under the tail. They look like deer but they are much ___51___. They are less than two feet high. The male barking deer has two small horns but the female has none. They make a __52____ rather like a dog barking.
Barking deer live in thick shrub(灌木) country and are very good at __53___. They eat grass and shrubs, mainly in the very early morning and late afternoon and evening. This is when you are most likely to see one but you will need to be very quiet and to have very ___54___eyes. In Hong Kong the barking deer has only one ___55_____ ---- man. Although it is illegal, people hunt and trap these harmless little animals. As a result there are now not many left. There are a few on Hong Kong Island but none in the New Territories.
小题1:
A.peopleB.childrenC.ladiesD.women
小题2:
A.asB.sinceC.thoughD.because
小题3:
A.desertB.shadesC.fieldsD.woods
小题4:
A.thinB.thickC.shortD.dying
小题5:
A.riversB.hillsC.skyD.mountains
小题6:
A.dieB.lookC.comeD.get
小题7:
A.plantedB.looked afterC.cared forD.cut down
小题8:
A.coldB.coolC.warmD.hot
小题9:
A.airB.foodC.waterD.clothes
小题10:
A.wayB.roadC.streetD.rail
小题11:
A.neverB.alwaysC.noD.no longer
小题12:
A.zoosB.shopsC.kitchensD.parks
小题13:
A.freeB.busyC.bigD.large
小题14:
A.no moreB.nearlyC.stillD.hardly
小题15:
A.animalsB.plantsC.fishesD.birds
小题16:
A.greatB.larger C.smallerD.heavier
小题17:
A.noiseB.voiceC.songD.living
小题18:
A.barkingB.eatingC.plantingD.hiding
小题19:
A.commonB.sharpC.clearD.big
小题20:
A.neighborB.brotherC.enemyD.friend
填空题