问题 问答题

砌基础大放脚的组砌方法有哪些

答案

参考答案:

(1)砖基础的一般构造:基础砌体都砌成台阶形式,叫做大放脚。大放脚有等高式和间隔式两种,每两皮砖每边收进60mm的叫做等高式大放脚,第一个台阶两皮砖收一次,每边收进60mm,第二台阶一皮砖收一次,每边也收进60mm,如此循环变化的叫做间隔式大放脚。其收台形式如图所示。

(2)大放脚的组砌:当设计无规定时,大放脚及基础墙一般采用一顺一丁的组砌方式,由于有收台阶的操作过程,组砌时比墙身复杂一些。由图可知,大放脚基底宽度可以按下列计算:

B=b+2L

式中:B——大放脚宽度;

b——正墙身宽度;

L——放出墙身的宽度。

实际应用时,还要考虑灰缝的宽度,大放脚基底宽度计算好后,即可进行排砖撂底。

①一砖墙身六皮三收等高式大放脚:此种大放脚共有三个台阶,每个台阶的宽度为1/4砖长,即60mm,即两砖半宽,其组砌方式如图所示。

②一砖墙身六皮四收大放脚:按上式计算,求得基底理论宽度为720mm,实际为740mm,其组砌方式如图所示。

③一砖墙身附一砖半宽、凸出一砖的砖垛时,四皮两收大放脚的作法:墙身的排底方法与上面两侧相仿,关键在于砖垛部分与墙身的咬槎处理和收放。根据上述方法计算出墙身放脚宽为两砖,砖垛的放脚宽度两砖半,其组砌方式如图所示。

④移转独立方柱留皮三收大放脚的作法:也可按上述方法计算得基底宽度为两砖半,其组砌方式如图所示。

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     It's no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with their
birth parents. That's especially__1__of children who remain in homes where they're badly treated
because the law blindly favors biological parents. It's also true of children who __2__ for years in foster (寄养) homes because of parents who can't or won't care for them but refuse to give up custody
(监护) rights.
     Fourteenyearold Kimberly Mays __3__ neither description, but her recent court victory could __4__
help children who do. Kimberly has been the __5__ of an angry custody battle between the man who
raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge __6__ that the
teenager can remain with the only father she's ever known and that her biological parents have "no legal
__7__" on her.
     Shortly after__8__ in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another baby were mistakenly switched
and sent home with the __9__ parents. Kimberly's biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg,
received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests __10__ that the child wasn't the
Twiggs' own daughter, but Kim only was, thus leading to a custody __11__ with Robert Mays. In
1989, the two families __12__ that Mr Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting
rights. Those rights were ended when Mr Mays decided that Kimberly was being __13__.
     The decision to __14__ Kimberly with Mr Mays caused heated discussion. But the judge made
clear that Kimberly did have the right to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made it clear that she
was more than just a personal possession of her parents. Biological parentage does not mean an
absolute ownership that cancels(取消) all the __15__ of children.
( )1. A.terrible    
( )2. A.settle      
( )3. A.likes      
( )4. A.actually    
( )5. A.victim      
( )6. A.ruled      
( )7. A.expectation
( )8. A.birth      
( )9. A.biological  
( )10. A.examined  
( )11. A.battle    
( )12. A.thought    
( )13. A.harmed    
( )14. A.make      
( )15. A.freedom    
B. sad        
B. live      
B. gives      
B. eventually
B. object    
B. believed  
B. action    
B. judgment  
B. own        
B. explained  
B. right      
B. quarreled  
B. forbidden  
B. leave      
B. happiness  
C. true        
C. suffer      
C. fits        
C. successfully
C. sacrifice  
C. ordered    
C. effect      
C. operation  
C. kind        
C. decided    
C. agreement  
C. agreed      
C. wounded    
C. give        
C. rights      
D. natural    
D. gather    
D. knows      
D. abruptly  
D. teenager  
D. indicated  
D. claim      
D. school    
D. wrong      
D. showed    
D. decision  
D. prepared  
D. hidden    
D. keep      
D. ideas      
单项选择题