问题 问答题

菜市某矿业公司为了解决野外一线职工的住房问题,经省发展计划委员会批准立项,拟建4栋住宅楼。考虑到工期因素,矿业公司申请以邀请招标形式确定上述工程施工单位,该申请已获得省建设厅及省工程建设招标投标管理办公室的批准。2012年3月,矿业公司在与某建设公司等单位协商并按邀请招标程序履行了相关手续后,发出中标通知书,确定建设公司为矿业公司住宅楼工程的中标单位。
建设公司在中标后为工程施工做了准备,组织调集了相关建筑施工机械及各工种的工程技术人员。矿业公司一直未与建设公司订立书面的建设工程合同,亦未作出停建或缓建的通知。2012年10月,矿业公司改变了4栋住宅楼的建筑结构,增加了建筑的面积,重新办理了项目审批手续,并又向市工程建设招标投标办公室申请招标。建设公司认为矿业公司就同一工程进行二次重复招标,已无履约诚意,故请求法院判令矿业公司赔偿施工人员闲置费用和机械台班停滞费用。

招标人擅自毁标应如何承担法律责任?

答案

参考答案:中标通知书发出后就发生了承诺的效力,即合同已经成立。任何一方的毁标行为都要承担违约责任,包括赔偿损失、支付违约金、继续履行等责任形式。招标人矿业公司在依法发出中标通知书后擅自毁标,应承担对已成立的建筑工程合同的违约责任,具体的违约责任形式应是赔偿投标人建设公司因矿业公司违约所遭受的损失。

问答题

Read the argument and the instructions that follow it, and then make any notes that will help you plan your response. Write your response on a separate sheet of paper. If possible, type your essay on a word processor.
A spokesman for a dairy company issued the following statement:
Many consumers buy organic milk because they are concerned about the consequences of the widespread use of recombinant bovine growth hormone and antibiotics in the conventional dairy industry. These concerns, however, are unfounded. While bovine growth hormone has been shown to produce significant developmental effects in cattle, no study has ever shown that its presence in commercial milk has had any developmental effects on human consumers. Regarding antibiotics, while it has been argued that large-scale, preemptive use of antibiotics in cattle feed can interfere with the animals’ immune systems and can lead to the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, neither of these effects affect the quality of the milk produced by cattle that are fed antibiotics. Therefore, there is no reasonable justification for a consumer to pay $5 for a gallon of organic milk when a perfectly good gallon of conventional milk can be had for half the price.
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion, be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative examples or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

单项选择题