问题 改错题

中国古代历朝统治者为了长治久安,都制定了相应的政治、经济以及思想文化控制措施。结合所学知识,回答下列问题:

⑴夏朝时期,形成了完备的国家机构。请问夏朝国家机构的性质怎样?(1分)

⑵西周时期,开创了建邦封卫制度。请分析分封制的重大影响。(2分)

⑶秦朝时期,创立了中央集权制度。请写出秦始皇在中央和地方的具体举措。(2分)

⑷西汉时期,实现了空前的大一统。请说出汉武帝加强集权的政治、经济措施。(2分)

⑸北魏孝文帝,厉行改革,积极汉化。请问他在政治上做出了什么重大决定?(1分)

答案

(1)奴隶主阶级压迫平民和奴隶的工具(1分)。

(2)开发边远地区,加强了统治,成为一个强盛的国家(1分);也为后来周王室衰微,诸侯争霸埋下了隐患(1分)。

(3)中央:设立丞相、太尉、御史大夫,分管行政、军事和监察(1分);地方:推行郡县制(1分)。

(4)政治:实行削藩,加强中央集权(1分);经济:地方铸币权和盐铁经营权收归中央,实行抑商政策(1分)。

(5)迁都洛阳(1分)。

题目分析:(1)夏朝是我国历史上的第一个国家,也是奴隶社会的开始。依据所学可知,夏朝已经有了宫殿、军队、刑法、监狱,这些都是统治者统治人民的工具,夏朝统治者为奴隶主,故答案应为是奴隶主阶级压迫平民和奴隶的工具。

(2)西周的统治者为了加强对周边的统治,分封了同姓和异性的诸侯国70多个,这些诸侯国的建立巩固了周王对周边的统治,形成了从中央到地方的控制网络,同时又使边缘地区得到了开发,但到后来,随着诸侯国的势力越来越大,随着周王室的衰微,诸侯国为取得周王往日的权威竞相争夺霸权,所以分封制的实行也为以后春秋战国诸国争霸埋下了隐患。

(3)秦始皇统一六国后,为了加强对全国的控制,巩固中央集权,在中央设立了丞相、太尉、御史大夫,分别负责行政、军事、监察,他们之间互不统属,只对皇帝负责,以加强皇帝至高无上的地位;在地方,将全国分为36郡,郡的长官称郡守,郡下设县,县的长官称县令,各级官员都由中央直接任免。

(4)结合所学可知,西汉时期,为了加强中央集权,汉武帝在思想、政治、经济、军事上都采取了一系列的措施,以推进大一统局面。其中在政治上,由于当时的封国势力过于强大,已经严重威胁到皇权,汉武帝采取了主父偃的建议,实行“推恩令”削藩,加强了中央集权;在经济上,将地方铸币权和盐铁经营权收归中央,实行抑商政策。

(5)北魏孝文帝为了便于学习先进的汉文化,加强对黄河流域的控制,决定将都城迁到洛阳,因为洛阳是当时中原的政治经济文化中心,在洛阳能够更好的学习先进的中原文化,实行汉化政策,加强对北方的控制。

阅读理解

One day, many years ago, when I was working as a psychologist(心理学家) in England, David was brought into my office. His face was pale(苍白的)and he looked at his own feet.

David lost his father when he was two years old and lived with his mother and grandfather ever since. But the year before he turned 13, his grandfather died and his mother was killed in a car accident. His teacher told me that he refused to talk to others from then on.

How could I help him?

David didn't say a word. As he was leaving, I put my hand on his shoulder."Come back next week if you like. "I said.

He came and I suggested we play a game of chess. He agreed. After that we played chess every Wednesday afternoon--in complete silence. Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed.   It seemed  that he liked to be with me. But why didn't he ever look at me?

"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain (痛苦)with," I thought.

Months later, when I was looking at his head, he suddenly looked up at me. "It's your turn," he said. After that day, David started talking. He finally got friends in school and he even joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times. Now he had re ally started to live his life.

Maybe I gave David something. But I learned a lot from him. I learned how time makes it possible to get over what seems to be painful. David showed me how to help people like him. All they need is a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch and an ear that listens.

小题1:When David was brought into the writer's office, ___________.

A.he said hello to the writer

B.he seemed happy

C.he looked at his own feet

D.he smiled at the writer小题2:David's father died when he was  ________ years old.

A.13

B.2

C.5

D.6小题3:To help David, the writer __________every Wednesday afternoon.

A.played chess with him

B.told stories to him

C.wrote letters to him

D.played soccer with him小题4:What club did David join?

A.A chess club.

B.An art club.

C.An English club.

D.A bicycle club.小题5:Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.David finally got friends in school.

B.After his father died, David refused to talk to others.

C.David didn't say anything to the Writer at first.

D.At last the writer learned a lot from David.

填空题