问题 问答题 案例分析题

韩先生,50岁,大学文化,处长职务。7日前因职务变迁一事生气,郁闷不乐,于3日前起床时突然跌倒在地。家人将其扶起后,发现其左侧上下肢运动失灵,口角歪斜,言语不清,但意识清晰,急送医院,诊断为“脑血栓形成”而收住院。入院时呈昏睡状态。血压180/110mmHg,脉搏76次/分,体温38.5C。经抢救现已清醒,但语言仍含糊不清,饮水有呛咳。黄色粘痰,两肺可闻及湿啰音,左侧上下肢瘫痪。病人时常流泪,心情郁闷。

简述护理要点。

答案

参考答案:

护理要点:

急性期绝对卧床休息,取平卧位;头部禁用冰袋或冷敷,以免血管收缩,血流缓慢而使脑血流量减少;给予氧生命征和意识、瞳孔的变化,注意气吸入或高压氧舱治疗;做好各项生活护理;

给于低盐、低脂、糊状流质或半流质,并将食物慢慢送至口腔健侧近舌根处,使病人容易吞咽;

定时监测调整血压并记录,使血压维持在略高于病前的水平,若血压过高或过低应及时通知医生并配合处理;

遵医嘱用药,并注意观察药物的副作用;

加强与病人交流,鼓励并指导病人用非语言方式来表达自己的需求及情感,并逐步进行语言训练;针对困扰病人悲哀的原因,介绍疾病的基本知识和有关康复训练的计划,并介绍康复良好的病人与其交谈,树立信心,安心配合治疗;

保持呼吸道通畅,通过给病人翻身排背、雾化吸入等方法,及时清除呼吸道分泌物,防止误吸;

促进瘫痪肢体功能恢复,病情稳定后即进行肢体关节按摩和被动运动,防止肌肉萎缩及关节失用;要遵循循序渐进的原则,活动量由小渐大,时间由短到长,被动与主动运动、床上与床下运动相结合,语言训练与肢体锻炼相结合。

选择题
阅读理解

How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals

“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes (糖尿病). Believing my career (职业生涯)was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it----the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”

Karen Pickering

Swimming World Champion

“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success—you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. “Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”

Kirsten Best

Poet & Writer

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological (心理的) tool.”

小题1:What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

A.Difficulties influenced his career.

B.Specialists offered him medical advice.

C.Training helped him defeat his disease.

D.He overcame the shadow of illness to win.小题2:What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

A.Her training schedule.

B.Her daily happenings.

C.Her achievements.

D.Her sports career.小题3:What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?

A.Ways that help one to focus.

B.Words that help one to feel less tense.

C.Activities that turn one’s attention away.

D.Habits that make it hard for one to relax.小题4:According to the passage, what do the three people have in common?

A.Courage.

B.Devotion.

C.Hard work.

D.Self-confidence.