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问题 问答题

综合运用能力的形成规律，培养和促进学生能力的发展。

答案

参考答案：(1)遗传与营养。胎儿及婴幼儿的营养状况能影响智力的发展，儿童在胚胎期和出生后，身体和脑都处在迅速发育的时期，脑的机能活动则依靠由血液输送的养料来维持，母亲的乳汁和蛋白质含量高的食物能提高神经细胞的化学成分，从而保证脑细胞化学成分的满足及其机能活动的需要，这些都将影响儿童智力的发展。
(2)早期经验。人的智力发展的速度是不均衡的，在早期阶段所获得的经验，促使能力发展得最快，不少人把学龄前称为智力发展的一个关键期。婴幼儿的早期经验对儿童心理的发展有很大影响。早期教育和神经系统的成熟与发展有着密切关系。
(3)教育与教学。能力不是天生的，教育和教学对能力的发展起着主导作用。教育和教学不但使儿童获得前人的知识和经验，而且还能唤起儿童心理能力的发展。
(4)社会实践。人的智力是按照人如何学会改造自然界而发展起来的。社会实践不仅是学习知识的重要途径，也是智力发展的重要基础。
(5)主观能动性。环境和教育的决定作用，不是机械和被动影响能力发展的，没有主观努力和个人的勤奋，要想取得事业的成就和能力的发展是根本不可能的。培养和促进学生能力的发展应从以下方面着手：重视早期教育，适时进行早期教育；通过教学活动培养学生的能力；在科技与课外活动中培养兴趣，促进能力发展；注意能力的个别差异，进行因材施教。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
       Think of life in a desert: no food or water, only strong sun and heavy wind full of sand. You'd die of
thirst while waiting for a passing plane that never comes.
        But don't dismiss the thought as a nightmare (噩梦). Your hometown could become a desert if nothing
is done to prevent it.
        Deserts are eating land at high speed. In China, desertification (沙漠化) has affected 2,622,000 square
kilometres, equal to 14 Guangdong Provinces, mostly in the North. Deserts are advancing at a pace of 2,460
kilometres per year.
       According to the UN, one-third of the planet's land surface, with one billion people, has become desert.
Africa, Asia and Latin America have the driest land in danger of desertification.
        Recognizing the threat (威胁) to human beings, the United Nations has named 2006 the International
Year of Deserts and Desertification.
        It wants to increase public awareness (关注) of advancing deserts. Activities include a film festival in
Rome with films on life in unproductive (贫瘠的) lands. Meetings will discuss international cooperation, such
as planting trees and changing agricultural practices.
        Desertification takes place where rain is little and the climate hot. But human activities are the biggest
cause. Land turns into desert when the soil is over-farmed and too many animals eat up plants. To make
money, people also cut down trees that hold the soil. Desertification brings serious problems. From 1991 to
2000, droughts (干旱) killed over 280,000 people worldwide. When land becomes useless, there's a big loss
in food production.     
        Dust from deserts is blown into cities around the world. Each spring, Beijing is at risk of yellow dust
from the Gobi Desert. Dust from Africa reaches cities in the US and Europe, leading to illnesses and
worsening environments.
1. Which of the following is Not mentioned in the passage?
[ ]
A. The bad influences of deserts.
B. How serious desertification is.
C. What makes land turn into desert.
D. The ways to change deserts into farms.
2. The purpose of writing the first paragraph is to _______.
[ ]

A. serve as a picture of a large desert
B. show how important water is to humans
C. draw your attention to the problem of desertification
D. show how much is needed to be done to change deserts

3. We can know from the passage that _______.
[ ]
A. deserts can be easily seen in both hot and dry places
B. one third of the area in Africa has become desert
C. the UN has made many films on desertification in 2006
D. dealing with desertification needs world-wide cooperation
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问答题 简答题

材料一：1853年，美国东印度舰队司令培理率领载着500名水兵的4艘黑漆船闯入日本港口，要求谈判通商，否则立即向日本开战。第二年日本被迫签订《日美亲善协定》，同意开放港口。材料二：美、英、法几个大国为了自己的利益，决定牺牲中国的合法权益，先后向日本妥协，最终决定把德国在中国山东的一切权益转交给日本，并强迫中国无条件接受。中国作为战胜国确蒙受了战败国的耻辱。材料三：20世纪50年代中期，日本经济已经完全摆脱战败的阴影，各经济部门的产值都恢复并超过战前和战时的最高水平。到70年代初，日本的经济指标已居世界前列，成为资本主义世界发展速度最快的国家。材料四：70年前，战争记忆苦难深重。-----“法西斯主义和军国主义发动的侵略战争，给中国、俄罗斯等欧亚地区及其它地区的许多国家和人民带来人类历史上空前灾难和浩劫”。70年前，胜利和平来之不易-------“中国是第二次世界大战亚洲主战场中国军民不屈不挠，艰苦卓绝的抗日斗争，消灭并牵制了大量日本兵力，以伤亡3500万人的代价，最终获得了抗日战争的伟大胜利”

（4）中国的抗日战争与世界反法西斯战争之间有什么关系？
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