问题 问答题 论述题

试论述西晋初的政治措施。

答案

参考答案:

(1)重整中央官制。司马炎称帝后,在中央的最高统治层中设置了“八公”:太宰、太傅、太尉、司徒、司空等,但只有司徒掌有管理州郡中正对人才的评定。尚书台长官是协助皇帝处理政务的真正宰相中书省长官掌握诏令、文书的撰定,参与政事,门下省的长官保留为皇帝提供政策咨询的权立,审查尚书省下达的文书。武职方面,设立四征、四镇、四安、四平 * * 、车骑 * * 、骠骑大 * * 。

(2)分封诸王。泰始元年(265),晋武帝为加强宗室诸王的力量潘屏王室,又将其祖司马懿以下宗室子弟和功臣均封为王建立郡国。泰始元年分封后宗室诸王留居洛阳,封国未建立,咸宁三年(277),司马炎再次确立分封食邑制度,诸王回到封地建立封国。

(3)推行都督制。西晋以司马氏子弟出任统兵都督与监军,出镇许昌、邺城、长安等战略要地。掌握一州或者数州军事指挥大权,而州刺史虽然名义上拥有 * * 称号,实际上只有民 * * 。咸宁三年又通过“转封”的方式把诸王的封国和都督辖区转到一起。

单项选择题
阅读理解

In our life, we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the one who'd lived those years with us.In fact, we don't have to wait for anniversaries to thank the ones close to us —the ones so easily overlooked.If I have learned anything about giving thanks, it is this: give it now! While your feeling of appreciation is alive and sincere, act on it.Saying thanks is such an easy way to add to the world's happiness.

Saying thanks not only brightens someone else's world, it brightens yours.If you're feeling left out, unloved or unappreciated, try reaching out to others.It may be just the medicine you need.

Of course, there are times when you can't express gratitude immediately.In that case don't let embarrassment sink you into silence —speak up the first time you have the chance.

Once a young minister.Mark Brian, was sent to a remote parish of Kwakiuti Indians in British Columbia.The Indians, he had been told, did not have a word for thank you.But Brian soon found that these people had exceptional generosity.Instead of saying thanks, it is their custom to return every favor with a favor of their own, and every kindness with an equal or superior kindness.They do their thanks.

I wonder if we had no words in our vocabulary for thank you, would we do a better job of communicating our gratitude? Would we be more responsive, more sensitive, more caring?

Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that transforms people all around us—including ourselves.For no one ever misunderstands the melody of a grateful heart.Its message is universal; its lyrics transcend (超越) all earthly barriers; its music touches the heavens.

53.In the first paragraph the writer mainly encourages us      .

A.never to overlook our close friends in daily life

B.to express our sincere thanks timely to those around us

C.to wait for a proper occasion to show our thanks

D.to increase the world's happiness by saying thanks

54.According to the writer,      could be the best way to prevent ourselves from being left out.

A.seeing a doctor to find the right medicine we need

B.expressing our thanks as much as we can

C.showing others actively we are interested in them

D.speaking up the moment we have the chance

55.Mark Brian's story is mentioned in the passage in order to show the fact that       .

A.the Indians didn't have any words for appreciation

B.the Indians were particularly generous to others

C.Mark Brian's set the Indians an example to show thanks

D.some people may express their thanks through different approaches

56.What message does the writer intend to communicate in the last paragraph?

A.Thanks is of great importance in developing harmonious relationship.

B.One grateful heart is surely to deserve another good one in return.

C.Thankfulness which goes beyond all barriers is universally understood.

D.Human beings would misunderstand each other without appreciation.