问题 填空题

设曲线

,取逆时针方向,则

______.

答案

参考答案:216π.

解析:先用曲线方程化简被积函数:


方法1°再用参数方程化为定积分:x=2cost,y=3sint,t∈[0,2π],则有


方法2°用格林公式. C围成区域D,则


其中椭圆D的面积为6π.
①本题有如下变式:设曲线

,取逆时针方向,则

4y2)|y|dx=______.
分析同样转化为求


方法1°用C的参数方程化为定积分:x=2cost,y=3sint,t∈[0,2π],则有


(周期函数与奇函数的积分性质)
方法2°为了去掉绝对值,把C分成两段:Ci(i=1,2),分别位于上半平面与下半平面,并配上坐标轴部分,分别构成闭曲线Li(i=1,2),均为逆时针方向,见下图



其中坐标轴部分取积分两次,但方向相反抵消了.
Li围成区域记为Di(i=1,2),它们的面积相等为3π. 在Di上用格林公式得


方法3°直接利用对称性.
C关于x轴对称,P(x,y)=|y|对y为偶数,则


②注意第一、二类曲线积分有不同的对称性质,若熟悉,则利用它解此题最简便.

选择题
阅读理解

Marriages improve after children grow up and move out,according to an academic study,

which suggests an“empty nest”is not always a bad thing.

Popular wisdom has it that parents’relationships may suffer once their young fly the coop,

because they feel they have lost their purpose in life.However,a new study by researchers at the

University of California,Berkeley,has found that many couples actually feel happier when their

children leave home because they are able to enjoy spending time together.

In total,123 American mothers born in the 1930s were tracked for 18 years and asked to rate

their satisfaction levels shortly after marrying,when they were bringing up babies,once their

children reached their teenage years and finally at age 61,when almost all had“empty nests”.

Although not all said they were happier in general,most claimed their marriages had improved since their children had left home.Researchers believe this is not just because the spouses were spending more time together,but because they were able to enjoy each other’s company more.

One of the participants in the study,which is published in the jourmal Psychological Science,

said:“Once the kids grow up…there’s some of that stress removed…that responsibility removed,so things are a little more relaxed.’’

Psychologist Sara Gorchoff,who carried out the investigation,said:“The take-home message

for couples with young children is‘hang in there’.”Her co-author Oliver John added:“Don’t wait until your kids leave home to schedule quality time with your partner.”   

However,Dr Dorothy Rowe,from the British Psychological Society,said the effects of living

in an“empty nest'”will depend on the parents’relationship with their children.“If yod’re just

waiting for them to leave home so you Can get on with your life,then of course you’11 be pleased to see them go,”she said,‘‘But if you’ve built your life around your children you’11 be terribly lonely.”For some parents,their world falls apart when their Children leave.’’

72.It is commonly believed that            

A.marriages improve after children leave home

B.an“empty nest'’is always a happy thing

C.parents’relationships may suffer once their young grow up and move out

D.parents will be pleased after their children leave home

73.When did many couples feel happier according to the study?

A.At age 61.when almost all had“empty nests”.

B.Shortly after marrying.

C.Once their children reached their teenage years.

D.When they were bringing up babies.

74.Marriages improve after children fly the coop not because         

A.many couples are able to spend time together

B.many couples arc able to enjoy each other’s company

C.things are a little more relaxed

D.many couples needn’t work at all

75.The author ofthe passage tends to agree that          .    

A.parents should build their life around their kids

B.parents should schedule quality time with each other before kids leave home

C.parents’relationship with their kids has no effect on marriages at all

D.parents should be pleased to see their kids leave home