问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料,回答相关问题。

材料一直到19世纪30年代,德国才真正踏上工业革命的道路。……普法战争后,国家实现了最后统一。……到70年代末,德国工业革命终于宣告完成。启蒙运动是欧洲文化史上光辉灿烂的一页,它在理论上为欧美和其他地方的革命和改革做了准备。……普鲁士的统治集团在1848年革命的震撼下,感到有必要在政治上作一些调整,……国王在1848年和1850年前后颁布两部宪法,成立两院制议会,上院议员由国王任命,下院议员通过选举产生。

——吴于廑、齐世荣《世界史近代史编下卷》

材料二第二条帝国依据本宪法规定在联邦领土内行使立法权,帝国法律应高于各邦法律。

第十一条联邦的 * * 职位属于普鲁士国王,普鲁士国王享有德意志皇帝的尊称。

第十二条联邦议会与帝国议会的召集、开会、延会、闭会之权属于皇帝。

第十五条联邦议会的 * * 职务及其事务的领导权属于由皇帝任命的帝国宰相。

第二十条帝国议会由秘密投票的普遍和直接选举产生。

——蒋相泽《世界通史资料选辑·近代部分下册》

许多学者认为,1871年德意志帝国宪法是西方代议制的重要组成部分。据材料二概括西方民主代议制的核心内容。(6分)

答案

参考答案:

选举制;议会制;君主立宪制;法制。(答出其中三点即可)(6分)

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      Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable

(一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers. Many guests like the idea because they don't have

to bring their own. But, if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. Starting from June, some

hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables. They want to ask people to use less

disposable things.

      Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It is a

waste of natural resources and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese person makes as

much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw

away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take

between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel,

bring your own things and use them again and again.

      Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these

things in your daily life: Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let

it dry. Then you can use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen (食堂), use your

own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.

1. Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things? [ ]

A. Let their guests be convenient during their travelling.

B. Hope their guests use less disposable things.

C. Wish their guests to save money.

D. Want their guests to use more disposable things.

2. Some Beijing hotels will no longer provide guests with            . [ ]

A. cheap food and drink

B. disposable things

C. good service

D. free TV programmes

3. Which of the following is NOT true? [ ]

A. Many disposable things are made of plastic.

B. Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources.

C. Plastic is very bad for the environment.

D. Plastic breaks down easily.

4. What can we do to make our world a better place at home and school? [ ]

A. Use shopping bags made of plastic.

B. Do not throw away paper cups.

C. Use disposable plates, bowls and chopsticks.

D. Do not forget to reuse daily necessities.

5. We can tell from the story that            . [ ]

A. people don't like disposable things at all

B. we can't use paper or plastic bowls at school

C. we should use less plastic things and protect our environment

D. hotels won't provide disposable things because they want to save money

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