问题 问答题

2009年1月1日W市的大华工业有限责任公司,准备投资于A企业,投资金额500万元,占A企业股权总额40%,现在拟定两项投资方案:
甲方案:货币资金投资100万元,厂房投资300万元(2000年1月外购,原值380万元,已经计提折旧100万元),自产产品投资100万元[成本80万元,同期市场价格(不含税)100万元] ;
乙方案:4辆卡车投资400万元(2006年6月5日购进,原值380万元,已经计提折旧60万元),原材料投资100万元(外购时价格80万元,同期不含税市场价格100万元)。
试对于以上两项投资方案进行分析,以所得税税负为判断标准,选择对于大华工业有限责任公司有益的方案。(本题不考虑土地增值税、印花税,假设当期五其他进项税。)

答案

参考答案:(1)甲方案:
根据税法规定,以不动产投资入股,参与接受投资方的利润分配,共同承担投资风险的行为,不征收营业税。
根据税法规定,自产产品对外投资的,视同销售,应该计算缴纳增值税。
应纳增值税:100×17%=17(万元)
应纳城建税=17×7%=1.19(万元)
应纳的教育费附加=17×3%=0.51(万元)
应纳企业所得税=[300-(380-100)+(100-80)-1.19-0.51)×25%=9.58(万元)
(2)乙方案:
出售卡车,要征收增值税,400/1.04×4%×50%=7.69(万元)
外购货物用于投资,应该视同销售,计算缴纳增值税。
应纳增值税=100×17%=17(万元)
应纳城建税=24.69×7%=1.73(万元)
应纳的教育费附加=24.69×3%=0.74(万元)
应纳企业所得税:[400÷(1+4%)-(380-60)+(80-80)-1.73-0.74+400÷(1+ 4%)×4%×50%] ×25%=17.46(万元)
(3)甲方案比乙方案少缴纳7.88万元的所得税,所以甲方案优于乙方案。

单项选择题
阅读理解

B

Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.

Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.

Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.

"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.

"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."

The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.

45. This passage is mainly about _______________.

A. the policy of honesty            B. an honesty box to collect money

C. evolution on honesty              D. an experiment on honesty

46. The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.

A. wanted to get a comparatively more exact result

B. had known they wanted to do something illegally

C. meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues

D. intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price

47. People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.

A. they want to leave a good impression   B. they fear to be laughed at by others

C. they've got the nature through evolution D. they take the photo for a real pair of eyes

48. Images of a pair of eyes can be applied to all except _____.

A. tickets sales on public transport        B. cold drink sales in public places

C. places with “No spitting!” signs         D. Christmas decorations in one’s home