问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,回答问题。

文化和读书

①中国人向来衡量一个人有没有文化,是看他有没有读书以及读了多少书,读书成了文化的一种象征。

②文化主要是靠读书来获得的。这是文化史的一个事实。真知从实践中来,也从书本中来。书本是以前实践的结晶,接受书本也就是接受历史的实践经验。大文豪大学者也总是和读书脱不了干系的。

③把读书等同于文化,这成了读书人的一个观念,中国文化史也就变异为一部读书史。读书也就是学习,儒家是很看重的。《论语》开篇第一句就是:“         a      。”荀子《劝学》的首句曰:“     b   。”读书学习是放在第一位的。而那时候的读书,首要的和主要的是读儒家经典,读圣贤之书。这就使读书的范围比较狭窄了。道家对读书倒是有一种较为达观的态度,语云:“吾生也有涯,    c         ,殆矣。”(《庄子·养生主》)道家不主张以有限的生命去搏取无取的知识,而提出顺天然颐养天年。这大概可以算是儒、道在这个问题上的一种互补吧。

④其实,更准确一点说,文化是有两个方面的。一方面是书本之中,一个方面是书本以外的。书本以外的文化至大,是读书这个词涵盖不了的,也不可用履历表上的文化程度也就是读书的年限来衡量。尤其对于读书人而言,这是无论如何要明白的一个道理。宋朝开国宰相赵普曾说过“半部《论语》治天下”,这是中国文化史的一句名言。半部《论语》自然是谦虚的话,表示读书不多,只读了半部。不过我从这句话中取它这样的意思,书取一半,而另一半则是事功也就是实践,也就是书本以外的文化。所以有人说,中国文化在田野,从这个角度看是有道理的。

⑤由于过去分看重读书,就有了两个偏向。其一,皓首穷经,闭门造车,全然不问世事,不读人生之书。张舜《爱晚庐随笔》曾指责清儒大多“只做得如何读字”,“至于体味书中理论而确有所惟开国时三数大儒耳”。读书尚不能明理,“笃行”更是不可能的事了。其二,是反科举切名看作惟一的读书门径,走入了历史的狭路和误区。

⑥当然在今天强调一下读书也是文化,_______________________。西谚有云:“书比人长寿。”文化是永远的,读书也不会是短暂的。这样看来,文化与读书也将是一个永恒的文明主题。

1.本文第2、4段都提到了《论语》,此书是一部____________________________________。

2.补出第3小节a、b、c空格处的句子。

a:________________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________________

c:________________________________________________________________________

3.为第⑥段横线上空缺的文字选择适当的一项(   )。

A.未尝不可却又必须恰如其分           B.是并非很恰当和很必要的

C.是有一定的针对性和现实意义的       D.是有现实意义和一定的针对性的

4.根据作者的思路,对本文层次的划分较合适的一项是( )。

A.①/②③④⑤/⑥                     B.①/②③④/⑤⑥

C.①②/③④/⑤⑥                     D.①②③/④⑤⑥

5.就第4段划线句“中国文化在田野”这一说法,回答问题:

(1)这一说法针对何种观点?(不得超过8字)

(2)作者引用此说表明怎样的主张?(不得超过12字)

(3)加点字“这个角度”指什么?(不得超过12字)

6.对于本文作者阐述的“读书和文化”的关系,理解正确的两项是(   )。

A.读书是文化积累的主要渠道。

B.读书等同于文化,中国文化就是一部读书史。

C.衡量一个有没有文化要看他有没有读书以及读了多少书。

D.文化靠读书获得,又不限于读书,要结合实践。

E.读书只是获得文化的一个渠道,而实践才是获得文化的主要渠道。

F.今天强调读书也是文化,未尝不可但必须恰如其分。

7.本文作者对读书与文化的关系作了精辟的分析,简要概括作者的观点。(不超过24个字)

答案

1.记录孔子与其弟子言行的儒家经典著作

2.a:学而时习之,不亦说乎  b:学不可以已  c.而知也无涯,以有涯随无涯 

3.C 

4.D 

5.(1)把读书等同于文化 (2)文化既在书本又在实践  (3)文化有书本和实践两个方面 

6.A、D 

7.文化主要靠读书获得,又不限于读书,要结合实践(读书是文化积累的主要渠道,但文化在书本,又在实践。)。

完形填空
完形填空。
      As the train approached the seaside town where I was going to spend my holidays, I went
into the corridor to __1__ my legs. I stayed there a short while, breathing in the fresh sea air
and __2__ a few words with one of the passengers, whom I had met earlier on the __3__.
     When I turned to go back to __4__, I happened to glance into the compartment (车厢) next
to mine. Sitting there was a man who many years before had been my neighbour. He was a great
__5__, I remembered; it used to take hours to __6__ him once he began a conversation. I was
not at all __7__ when he went to live in another part of London. We had not met since then,
__8__ did I wish to meet him now, when __9__ was about to begin.
      Luckily at that moment he was __10__ busy talking to the man opposite him to catch sight
of me. I slipped back into my compartment, took down my two suitcases and carried them to the
far end of the corridor so as to be ready to __11__ the train as soon as it stopped. The moment
the train came to a halt (停止), I called a porter, who in no time at all had carried my luggage out
of the station and __12__ me a taxi. As I drove towards my small hotel on the outskirts of the town,
I breathed a deep sigh of relief at my__13__. There was little chance that I should __14__ my boring
exneighbour again.
     When I reached the hotel, I went __15__ to my room and rested there until it was time for dinner.
Then I went down to the dining room and __16__ a drink. I had barely raised the glass to my lips
__17__ an all too familiar voice greeted me. I had not escaped from the tiresome neighbour __18__!
He grasped me warmly by the hand and insisted that we __19__ a table in the dinningroom. "This is a
pleasant __20__," he said. "I never expected to see you again after  all these years."
( )1.A.reach              
( )2.A.exchanging          
( )3.A.fruit stand        
( )4.A.the station        
( )5.A.talker              
( )6.A.get rid of          
( )7.A.happy              
( )8.A.so                  
( )9.A.holiday            
( )10.A.very              
( )11.A.get on            
( )12.A.found              
( )13.A.good luck          
( )14.A.lose in touch with
( )15.A.carelessly        
( )16.A.ordered            
( )17.A.while              
( )18.A.above all          
( )19.A.spare              
( )20.A.surprise          
B.extend          
B.changing        
B.department store
B.my seat        
B.poet            
B.take care of    
B.afraid          
B.no              
B.school day      
B.too            
B.stay on        
B.gave            
B.nice choice    
B.run into        
B.aimlessly      
B.requested      
B.before          
B.after all      
B.rent            
B.interview      
C.stretch          
C.talking through  
C.bus stop        
C.the waiting room
C.speaker          
C.get away from    
C.sorry            
C.not              
C.work day        
C.so              
C.catch            
C.offered          
C.narrow escape    
C.knock down      
C.idly            
C.fetched          
C.when            
C.first of all    
C.reserve          
C.appointment     
D.loosen            
D.talking about      
D.station platform  
D.the office        
D.hero              
D.pay attention to  
D.content            
D.nor                
D.conversation      
D.much              
D.get off            
D.bought            
D.bad fortune        
D.catch up with      
D.straight          
D.asked              
D.after              
D.in all            
D.share              
D.party           
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