问题 单项选择题

读下面文字,完成下列问题
宋代学者称杜甫为“圣于诗者”,这主要是指杜甫在诗歌史上地位而言。他们把杜甫视为“集大成”者,认为他是位无体不工、无美不备的诗人。到了后世把杜甫称为“诗圣”,这突出了杜诗的道德含义(郭沫若称其为“诗中圣哲”也是此意),符合杜诗中的儒学内涵。
“诗圣”的名号,使得杜诗所确立的“忧国忧民”思想逐渐成为了主流理论。不管你是否赞成,但都不能不承认诗歌写作应该反映现实和关注国家与人民命运。南宋诗人就说:“忧时本是诗人职,莫怪吟中感慨多。”这是赞成诗人应该忧国忧民的。也有不赞成的,明代的公安派代表作家袁宏道,提倡个性解放,不同意诗人应有“忧国忧民”的责任感。他在《显灵宫集诸公以麻城山林为韵》中说“新诗日日千余言,诗中无一忧民字”,“自从老杜得诗名,忧国爱民成儿戏”,仔细咀嚼诗意,可见袁氏虽然不赞成此说,但还是把“忧国忧民”看作当时诗歌创作中大多数人所遵循的原则。这些都说明对后世人士影响之深。
诗歌创作乃是中国古代读书人日常功课之一,古代学子平常接触最多当属杜诗。因为杜诗中规矩井然,所以,如应酬中大量运用的律体诗,当以杜甫写得最好,很少率意之作;科举考试中用的试帖诗可以模仿杜集中的“五排”(杜甫以后,很少再有人写出像杜甫这样多的高质量的“五排”了)。对杜诗的广泛的模仿从宋代就开始了。书商为了满足这个社会需求,还把杜诗分类编排,给模仿者以便利。这样,杜诗中的思想感情必然会从阅读的渠道渗入到士人们的思想意识中去。因此,杜诗中对后世文人士大夫性格的塑造产生影响绝不是夸诞之词。
中国的文学传统,特别是古典诗词对读者思想感情的陶冶力量是很难估量的。杜甫诗发扬了儒家思想中富于伦理价值的思想,对古代读书人有很大影响;施之于今日的教育之中,也当有积极的意义。

下列叙述中,属于称杜甫“圣于诗者”的根据一项是:

A.杜甫是位无体不工,无美不备的诗人。

B.在诗歌创作上,反映现实和关注国家与人民命运方面,杜甫为后代诗人做出了榜样。

C.“忧国爱民”的思想确立了杜甫的地位。

D.杜诗中充满了儒学思想内涵。

答案

参考答案:A

解析:[详解] 诗圣主要是指诗歌的艺术成就和影响而言。杜甫是一位集大成者和承前启后的诗人,汉魏的浑朴古雅,六朝的藻丽纤秾、淡远韶秀杜甫无一不备。杜甫之后没有一个诗人不直接、间接学他的。B、C、D都是从思想性上着眼的,因此选A。

单项选择题

Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, (2) embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. (4) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, (5) broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .

It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and (10) to everyone. This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate — or as inaccurate — as the weathermen in his (14) .

Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16) by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn’t it" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you" (17) the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (18) he wants to start a conversation with a British but is (19) to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.

1()

A.relaxed

B.frustrated

C.amused

D.exhausted

单项选择题 B型题