问题 问答题

某建筑工程,建筑面积108000m2,现浇剪力墙结构,地下3层,地上50层。基础埋深 14.4m,底板厚3m,底板混凝土强度等级为C35。
底板钢筋施工时,板厚1.5m处的HRB335级直径16mm钢筋,施工单位征得监理单位和建设单位同意后,用HPB235钢筋直径10mm的钢筋进行代换。
施工单位选定了某商品混凝土搅拌站,由该项间为其制定了底板混凝土施工方案。该方案采用溜槽施工,分两层浇筑,每层厚度1.5m。
底板混凝土浇筑时当地最高大气温度38℃,混凝土最高人模温度40℃。
浇注完成12小时后采用覆盖一层塑料膜一层保温岩棉养护7天。
测温记录显示:混凝土内部最高温度75℃,其表面最高温度45℃。
监理工程师检查发现底板表面混凝土有裂缝,经钻芯取样检查,取样样品均有贯通裂缝。
[问题]

答案

参考答案:1.该基础底板钢筋代换不合理。因为钢筋代换时,应征得设计单位的同意,对于底板这种重要受力构件,不宜用HPB235代换HRB335。
2.由商品混凝土供应站编制大体积混凝土施工方案不合理。因为大体积混凝土施工方案应由施工单位编制,混凝土搅拌站应根据现场提出的技术要求做好混凝土试配。
3.本工程基础底板产生裂缝的主要原因有:
(1)混凝土的人模温度过高;
(2)混凝土浇筑后未在12h内进行覆盖,且养护天数远远不够;
(3)大体积混凝土由于水化热高,使内部与表面温差过大,产生裂缝。
4.大体积混凝土裂缝控制的常用措施:
(1)优先选用低水化热的矿渣水泥拌制混凝土,并适当使用缓凝剂;
(2)在保证混凝土设计强度等级前提下,适当降低水灰比,减少水泥用量,
(3)降低混凝土的人模温度,控制混凝土内外的温差;
(4)及时对混凝土覆盖保温、保湿材料;可预埋冷却水管,通入循环水将混凝土内部热量带出,进行人工导热。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When I was a girl of 10, I joined the school cross-country team and practiced twice a week, on the

1,8-km course I'd never really run before and I thought the course would be easy. It was a real shock I ran

out of breathe (喘气) within the first few minutes. I never realized how tiring running could be but I didn't

think about give up.   

     Over time, I did get a little bit faster. However, I was really slow. In races, I would finish close to last.

I'd always have to stop more than once, especially in the longer races, which were 2. 5 to 2. 8 km. After

every race, I'd go home and cry. But 1 still didn't stop running, holding onto that picture of crossing the

finishing line and finally doing well.

     Then one of my friends joined the team, too. She could run easily and even came in the 18th in a big race!

I felt so slow and my confidence (自信) was lower than ever. I became so nervous when I thought of the

races that I wanted to give up badly.

     Still. I refund to. Finally. I realized that the reason I was to nervous was that I was always worried that

I wasn't ready for them. So a few weeks before the next 2. 8-km race. I practiced running almost 3 km every

day. which helped me improve my pace (步伐).

     When the time came for the big race, all that practicing really paid off. I stopped only once and my pace

was so much better.

     I realized that I'd finally gotten happiness with running. But the funny thing was. It didn't come from

doing better, Instead, it came from the fact that I hid tried harder and never given up.

1. Before she took the 1.8-km course, the writer ________.

A. knew a lot about it

B. wanted to be a great runner

C. practiced running every day

D. never thought running so tired

2. The writer was nervous about the race because she _______.

A. had to stop to drink water

B. was worried she wasn't ready

C. run slower than anyone else

D. could find no coach to help her

3. The underlined phrase "paid off" probably mean "______".

A. brought good results

B. coat a lot

C. saved much time

D. came to fail

4. It can be inferred (推断) from the passage that the writer ______.

A. got angry with her friend

B. wasn't pleased with herself

C. was a person with a strong mind

D. had no Interest In running

多项选择题