问题 问答题

家庭教育对儿童心理发展起怎样的作用

答案

参考答案:(1)家庭是儿童的第一所学校,父母是儿童的第一任老师。儿童心理发展是连续性的,儿童在家庭教育影响下所形成的心理特点是以后心理发展的基础;
(2)学前儿童和父母及家庭其他成员之间有深厚的感情。情感用事是学前儿童心理特点之一,父母和家庭其他成员对儿童心理的教育,比家庭以外其他人更易起作用;
(3)家庭对学前儿童心理发展的影响,在时间和空间上都是全面的。它不但在家长有意识地进行教育时起作用,在家长和孩子都不觉察中也起作用;不仅在家庭里起作用,对孩子外出的去处和活动也起作用。比如,孩子上什么样的幼儿园,也总是离不开家庭条件的制约。

阅读理解

In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand (木架) with a small notepad (记事本) and a hole for a pencil.

I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely  the original one.

“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”

My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly  well. I’ve  always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days.”

Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”

This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal.

小题1:Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?

A.To leave messages.

B.To list her everyday tasks.

C.To note down maths problems.

D.To write down a flash of inspiration.小题2:What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand?

A.It has great value for the family.

B.It needs to be replaced by a better one.

C.It brings her back to her lonely childhood.

D.It should be passed on to the next generation.小题3:The author feels embarrassed for             .

A.blaming her mother wrongly

B.giving her mother a lot of trouble

C.not making good use of time as her mother did

D.not making any breakthrough in her field小题4:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.The mother is successful in her career.

B.The family members like travelling.

C.The author had little time to play when young.

D.The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.小题5:In the author’s mind, her mother is             .

A.strange in behaviour

B.keen on her research

C.fond of collecting old things

D.careless about her appearance

选择题