问题 单项选择题

Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other "friends" to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to "compartmentalize" (划分) friendships, having "friends at work" , "friends on the softball team" , "family friends" , etc.

Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything "American" in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn’t matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.

On the other hand, don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.

According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because ().

A. they are too proud of themselves

B. they are not interested in other countries

C. they are too busy to learn about other countries

D. their country does not have many neighboring nations

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

细节题。文章最后一句话说,美国没有很多邻国,所以美国人倾向于忽视世界上其他地方因此D是本题正确答案。

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单项选择题

读下面的文字,完成下列4题。
宋代学者称杜甫为“圣于诗者”,这主要是指杜甫在诗歌史上地位而言。他们把杜甫视为“集大成”者,认为他是位无体不工、无美不备的诗人。到了后世把杜甫称为“诗圣”,这突出了杜诗的道德含义(郭沫若称其为“诗中圣哲”也是此意),符合杜诗中的儒学内涵。
“诗圣”的名号,使得杜诗所确立的“忧国忧民”思想逐渐成为了主流理论。不管你是否赞成,但都不能不承认诗歌写作应该反映现实和关注国家与人民命运。南宋诗人就说:“忧时本是诗人职,莫怪吟中感慨多。”这是赞成诗人应该忧国忧民的。也有不赞成的,明代的公安派代表作家袁宏道,提倡个性解放,不同意诗人应有“忧国忧民”的责任感。他在《显灵宫集诸公以麻城山林为韵》中说“新诗日日千余言,诗中无一忧民字”,“自从老杜得诗名,忧国爱民成儿戏”,仔细咀嚼诗意,可见袁氏虽然不赞成此说,但还是把“忧国忧民”看作当时诗歌创作中大多数人所遵循的原则。这些都说明对后世人士影响之深。
诗歌创作乃是中国古代读书人日常功课之一,古代学子平常接触最多当属杜诗。因为杜诗中规矩井然,所以,如应酬中大量运用的律体诗,当以杜甫写得最好,很少率意之作。科举考试中用的试贴诗可以模仿杜集中的“五排”(杜甫以后,很少再有人写出像杜甫这样多的高质量的“五排”了)。对杜诗的广泛的模仿从宋代就开始了。书商为了满足这个社会需求,还把杜诗分类编排,给模仿者以便利。这样,杜诗中的思想感情必然会从阅读的渠道渗入到士人们的思想意识中去。因此,杜诗中对后世文人士大夫性格的塑造产生影响绝不是夸诞之词。
中国的文学传统,特别是古典诗词对读者思想感情的陶冶力量是很难估量的。杜甫诗发扬了儒家思想中富于伦理价值的思想,对古代读书人有很大影响;施之于今日的教育之中,也当有积极的意义。

对古代文士积极学习杜诗的根本原因,解释最准确的一项是:

A.中国古代的读书人日常功课之一就是要学习诗歌创作。

B.杜诗合乎格律诗的要求,平仄押韵,规范合理,质量高,数量足。

C.书商们把杜诗分类编排,便利了古代文士们模仿各类杜诗。

D.通过阅读,杜诗中的思想感情容易渗入到士人们的思想意识中。