问题 填空题

Fit at Any Size


Nikki Blonsky is exactly the role model most parents dream of for their kids. She’s happy, she’s successful, she’s overcome obstacles—no wonder her young fans adore her. She’s also overweight— by some measures very overweight—in a culture that fetishizes thin.
(41)Blonsky is such a lucky dog, because she wouldn’t have been a popular figure she had been born a decade earlier.
(42)Happiness might be the most difficult word to define, but at least people are increasingly aware of the fact that the body shape does not determine happiness.
(43)Nobody likes to be over-weighted, yet it’s not our right to make the decision.
(44)Before you let your kids to lose weight, you should make sure what they are losing, weight or health.
(45)I you only feel hungry, then you can freely enjoy the joy of eating and drinking; however, if you bear the word "weight" in your mind, you can’t do that.
Amid all this back-and-forth, however, there is one point that everyone agrees on: exercise definitely improves a child’s overall sense of well-being. Cooper, who invented aerobics a generation ago, has been testing the physical fitness of schoolchildren over the past decade and has consistently found that active kids do better academically, have fewer disciplinary issues and maintain better medical histories. "A child doesn’t need to be a star athlete or a tong-distance runner," Cooper says. "Even taking the stairs instead of an elevator has positive effects. "
[A] There’s little doubt that being obese puts inactive youngsters at a higher risk for several health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. But almost no studies have been done evaluating the pros and cons of kids being fat yet active. Plus, reports on adults in similar situations have conflicted. Since the 1970s, doctors at the nonprofit Cooper Institute in Dallas have gathered data from more than 100,000 patients who have been weighed, measured and made to run on treadmills while their vital signs are monitored. "We’ve long concluded that people who are overweight and active can be healthier than those who are thin but sedentary", says Dr. Kenneth Cooper, the institute’s director. "There’s no reason to believe that conclusion doesn’t apply to our children too. "
[B] Behind the push to get kids fit is the growing recognition that, in many cases, there’s just no fighting the natural rhythms or shape of a child’s body. Throughout childhood and adolescence, hormones may cause weight to fluctuate dramatically. Plus, nature determines whether we’re all going to be stocky, a beanpole or something in between before we’re even born. "Most body weights and types for children and adults are genetically determined", says Glenn Gaesser, a professor of exercise physiology at the University of Virginia. "There are a lot of kids who are just naturally heavier than their peers but may be even healthier. "
[C] Difficult as it is to hear that your child is overweight, placing a child on an enforced diet may do more long-term harm than good. Doctors have yet to find a weight-loss program that has proved universally effective and safe, especially for children. More often, dieters will lose weight in the short run only to regain it. Research suggests that the repeated losing-regaining cycle can lead to loss in bone density and lean muscle mass, organs and bones, jeopardizing overall health. In fact, at least 15 major studies have shown higher death rates for adults after repeated losing regaining weight cycling.
[D] Plus-size celebrities like Blonsky—or, for that matter, her Hairspray co-stars John Travolta (albeit in a latex fat suit) and Queen Latifah—are increasingly spreading the message that slim is not the last word in happy. Fit means happy too; so does staying active; so does loving your body no matter its shape. The key is to get that body healthy and keep it that way. The numbers on the scale—pediatricians, nutritionists and psychologists now argue—should start to come second to physical fitness as a gauge for health.
[E] As many as 10 million women and 1 million men in the U. S. suffer from an eating disorder, according to the National Eating Disorder Association (NEDA). Nearly 90% of those afflicted are under the age of 20, and females between the ages of 15 and 24 are 12 times as likely to die from anorexia as any one other cause of, death. A 2005 study published in the journal Pediatrics determined that of 10,000 teens surveyed, less than half of the males and about a third of the females were happy with their bodies. "Parents face a complicated situation", Tim Brownell, an expert from NEDA, says. "They have to promote healthy weight, but they also don’t want to change children into diet-crazed fanatics. "
[F] There was a time when that alone would have been enough to keep Blonsky, the 19-year-old star of the movie Hairspray, out of the fan magazines and off the posters decorating grade-schoolers’ bedroom walls. But that time may at last be ending. The national obesity epidemic did not happen in a vacuum. It occurred in an era in which fashion models have got thinner and thinner, the tolerance for even a little flab has grown lower and lower, and the rates of eating disorders like anorexia have climbed higher and higher. In that environment, children and adolescents trying to develop a healthy body image have almost no chance at all.

答案

参考答案:C

综合题

(37分)2011年的“两会”上,民生与民主成为代表们热议的话题,阅读材料回答问题

材料一  1945年4月12日罗斯福去世后……《新华日报》发表了题为“民主巨星的陨落——悼罗斯福总统之丧”的社论……(指出)“他在1932年初步当选总统的时候,正在1929年美国空前经济恐慌之后……他用提高人民生活水平,扩大人民购买力的政策……渡过了危机,安定了国民生活”。

——黄安年《罗斯福新政的评价标准之我见》

材料二   1834年,英国“新济贫法”明文规定从1837年7月1日起一律停止对济贫院外所有壮年男子的救济,建立由3 个“合适的人”组成的“英格兰和威尔士济贫法委员会”。该委员会对议会负责,每年向首相汇报一次工作。它有权组织“合适的人”调查济贫法实施情况,有权要求各地方管理机构上交济贫法执行情况统计表,有权任命或撤换助理委员。该委员会任期为五年,在任期内济贫法委员会成员不得兼任下院议员。“新济贫法”还规定了地方济贫管理机构的职责和权限。

材料三  “建设之首要在民生。故对于全国人民之食、衣、住、行四大需要,政府当与人民协力,共谋农业之发展,以足民食;共谋织造之发展,以裕民衣;建筑大计划之各式屋舍,以乐民居;修治道路、运河,以利民行。……土地之岁收,地价之增益,公地之生产,山林川泽之息,矿产水力之利,皆为地方政府之所有,而用以经营地方人民之事业,及育幼、养老、济贫、救灾、医病与夫种种公共之需。”   ——摘自1924年孙中山的《建国纲领》

材料四 中国进入近代以前,人们心目中所指的“选举”又与现在人们心目中所指的“选举”不同,它不是指人们投票选举代表、议员或者自基层到最高层的各级领袖,而完全是指另外的、今人已经相当陌生却正是我们现在要叙述的东西。而由此一个古代概念的完全更新,也正好可以从一个侧面见出天翻地覆的百年巨变。——摘自何怀宏《选举社会及其终结—秦汉至晚清历史的一种社会阐释》

(1)根据所学知识,举例说明罗斯福新政是如何实施“提高人民生活水平,扩大人民购买力的政策”的。(6分)

(2)与材料一相比,材料二在社会救济方面的突出特点是什么?请结合新济贫法颁布的背景简要评价新济贫法?(8分)

(3)根据材料三,归纳孙中山的民生主张,并结合所学知识概括说明孙中山实现民生主义的途径。(10分)

(4)根据材料四,指出“现在人们心目中所指的‘选举’”是指什么制度?西方这一制度与起源阶段的西方“选举”有什么不同?结合所学知识,分析中国近代百年历史中在“选举”制度上是怎样“完全更新”的?(13分)

问答题 案例分析题

某29层写字楼工程建设项目,其初步设计已经完成,建设用地和筹资也已落实,某300人的建筑工程公司,凭借150名工程技术人员,10名国家一级资质的项目经理的雄厚实力,以及近5年来的优秀业绩,与另一个一级企业联合,通过竞标取得了该项目的总承包任务,并签订了工程承包合同,开工前,承包单位作了详细的施工实施规划,内容包括:

1.工程概况。包括:工程地点、建设地点及环境特征、施工条件、项目管理特点及总体要求、施工项目的目录清单。

2.施工部署。包括:项目的质量、安全、进度成本目标;拟投入的最高人数和平均人数、分包计划、劳动力使用计划、材料供应计划、机械设备供应计划;施工程序;项目管理总体安排。

3.施工项目组织构架。包括:对专业性施工任务的组织方案(如怎样进行分包,材料和设备的供应方式等)、项目经理部的人选方案。

4.施工进度计划。施工进度计划说明、施工进度计划图(表)、施工进度管理规划。

5.劳动力供应计划。包括:管理人员、技术工人、特种岗位人员、安全员等。

6.施工准备工作计划。包括:施工准备工作组织和时间安排、技术准备和编制质量计划、施工现场准备、作业队伍和管理人员准备、物资准备、资金准备。

7.施工平面图。包括:施工平面图说明、施工平面图、施工平面图管理规划。

8.技术组织措施计划。包括:保证进度目标的措施、保证质量和安全目标的措施、保证成本目标的措施、保证季节施工的措施、保护环境的措施、文明施工措施。

9.文明施工及环境保护规划。包括:文明施工和环境保护特点、组织体系、内容及其技术组织措施。

10.项目通信管理。包括:信息流通系统、信息中心的建立规划、项目管理软件的选择与使用规划、信息管理实施规划。

11.技术经济指标分析。包括:规划指标、规划指标水平高低的分析和评价、实施难点的对策。规划指标包括:总工期、质量标准、成本指标、资源消耗指标、其他指标(如机械化水平等)。

如果指定某项目经理负责该工程项目的建设,项目经理责任制的内容包括哪些?