问题 名词解释

博士

答案

参考答案:

中国古代学官名。始于战国。秦始皇时有博士七十人,六艺、诸子、诗赋、术数、方伎、占梦皆立博士。汉承秦制,诸子百家都有博士。文帝时始置《书》、《诗》的一经博士,并立诸子传记博士,有博士七十余人。景帝时置《春秋》博士。汉武帝时罢黜百家,独尊儒术,罢传记博士,又为《易》和《礼》增置博士,与文景时所立《书》、《诗》、《春秋》合为五经博士。汉宣帝时增置博士为十二人:《易》为施、孟、梁丘;《书》为欧阳,大、小夏侯;《诗》为齐、鲁、韩;《礼》为后氏;《春秋》为公羊、谷梁(一说谷梁未立)。平帝时立《左氏春秋》、《毛诗》、《逸礼》、《古文尚书》为博士,其后又增立《乐经》,为六经博士,经各五人,共三十人。博士的职务,原为通古今,备皇帝顾问,掌《诗》、《书》、百家语,教授弟子,兼议典礼政事,西汉还奉使巡视民间风俗习惯。汉武帝立五经博士,并置弟子员,其性质遂由顾问转为教学。东汉以后,此制渐废,专授经学和议典礼,近似官方儒学的领导人。其俸禄汉初为四百石,宣帝时增为比六百石。秦、西汉时博士之长称仆射,东汉改称祭酒,秩六百石。两汉博士对经学的建立和发展起了重要作用,产生了很大影响。

阅读理解

     I find some of the ways in which Chinese parents show love for their children rather surprising.

Obviously there are some pretty big differences between our behaviors and theirs in this respect. Most

Chinese children seem to get whatever they want, from ice creams, sweets and toys to endless attention

from the adults around them. Is this a sort of spoiling or love? I wonder.

     Most westerners would think it is a sort of spoiling rather than love. We think love means educating

your children and bringing them up to lead an independent life. That includes learning to accept the fact

that he can't get everything he wants. As an adult, he will not always get the quite expensive car he hunts

for; she will not always manage to acquire the beautiful dress she longs for. So we try to teach our

children early to cope with the disappointment of not getting what they want.

     I find too much such kind of love for the children can actually spoil them. To my surprise, it seems that

the life of a Chinese child is rather hard. Without doubt, the child is the very center of a whole circle of

adults, but on the other hand he or she is also expected to start studying according to adults' wishes.

Many children of my son's age take piano lessons, painting classes and even English lessons. It looks as

if Chinese adults think that just playing without learning anything is a waste of time. So in this respect our

children appear spoiled, just because they are allowed to play. But without this sort of play how can

western children develop such free and rich imaginations? In fact the connection between this imagination

and the creativity is so important in the children's future life.

1. In which way do most Chinese children seem to be spoiled?

A. They can be supported by their parents

B. They can play whenever they want

C. They need not behave themselves

D. Their demand can always be satisfied

2. In the author's opinion, the life of a Chinese child is         .

A. rather hard                    

B. rather easy        

C. independent                    

D. colorful

3. The author thinks western children appear spoiled because         .

A. they can manage time by themselves  

B. they can have the freedom to play

C. they can take piano lessons          

D. they may have expensive toys

4. The best title of the passage could be         .

A. Chinese children's early education  

B. How to develop kids' imagination

C. What is the real love for children    

D. The imagination and creativity

单项选择题