问题 单项选择题

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.

Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.

Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaff’irms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.

In the third paragraph, "a dual function" refers to ().

A. formal and informal

B. rewards and penalties

C. approval and disapproval

D. clarification and regulation

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

推断题型。

文章的最后一段First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.中的First...分句中的reaffirm“重申”,Second...分句中的 regulate“控制和管理”与D项clarification and regulation是对应词。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成下面问题。

捕蛇者说

唐·柳宗元

  永州之野产异蛇,黑质而白章;触草木,尽死;以啮(niè)人,无御之者。然得而腊(xī)之以为饵,可以已大风、挛踠(luán wǎn)、瘘(lòu )、疠(lì),去死肌,杀三虫。其始,太医以王命聚之,岁赋其二,募有能捕之者,当其租入。永之人争奔走焉。

  有蒋氏者,专其利三世矣。问之,则曰:“吾祖死于是,吾父死于是。今吾嗣为之十二年,几死者数矣。”言之,貌若甚戚者。

  余悲之,且曰:“若毒之乎?余将告于莅事者,更若役,复若赋,则何如?”

  蒋氏大戚,汪然出涕曰:“君将哀而生之乎?则吾斯役之不幸,未若复吾赋不幸之甚也。向吾不为斯役,则久已病矣。自吾氏三世居是乡,积于今六十岁矣,而乡邻之生日蹙。殚其地之出,竭其庐之入,号呼而转徙,饥渴而顿踣(bó),触风雨,犯寒暑,呼嘘毒疠,往往而死者相藉也。曩与吾祖居者,今其室十无一焉;与吾父居者,今其室十无二三焉;与吾居十二年者,今其室十无四五焉。非死则徙尔,而吾以捕蛇独存。

  “悍吏之来吾乡叫嚣乎东西隳突乎南北哗然而骇者虽鸡狗不得宁焉。吾恂恂而起,视其缶,而吾蛇尚存,则弛然而卧。谨食之,时而献焉。退而甘食其土之有,以尽吾齿。盖一岁之犯死者二焉,其余则熙熙而乐,岂若吾乡邻之旦旦有是哉?今虽死乎此,比吾乡邻之死,则已后矣,又安敢毒耶?”

  余闻而愈悲。孔子曰:“苛政猛于虎也。”吾尝疑乎是,今以蒋氏观之,犹信。呜呼!孰知赋敛之毒,有甚是蛇者乎?故为之说,以俟?夫观人风者?得焉。

  注:①俟,等待,期待。②观人风,视察民情,唐朝为避李世民讳,称“民”为人。

1、对下列句子中加粗的词的解释,不正确的一项是(     )

A.然得而之以为饵——腊,干肉,这里作动词,晾成肉干。

B.余将告于事者——莅,管理,主持。

C.向吾不为斯役,则久已矣——病,生病 。

D.吾恂恂而起——恂恂,小心谨慎的样子,提心吊胆的样子。

2、下列各组语句中,加粗的词的意义和用法不相同的一组是(     )

A.则弛然卧——秦王还柱

B.太医王命聚之——其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也

C.余将告莅事者——佚之狐言郑伯曰

D.岂若吾乡邻旦旦有是哉?——愿伯具言臣不敢倍德也

3、文中画横线的部分,断句最恰当的一项是(     )

A.悍吏之来/吾乡叫嚣乎/东西隳突乎/南北哗然而骇者/虽鸡狗不得宁焉

B.悍吏之来吾乡/叫嚣乎/东西隳突乎南北/哗然而骇者/虽鸡狗不得宁焉

C.悍吏之来吾乡/叫嚣乎东西/隳突乎南北/哗然而骇者/虽鸡狗不得宁焉

D.悍吏之来吾乡叫嚣乎/东西隳突乎/南北哗然/而骇者/虽鸡狗不得宁焉

4、把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)今虽死乎此,比吾乡邻之死,则已后矣,又安敢毒耶?

_________________________________________________________

(2)故为之说,以俟夫观人风者得焉。

_________________________________________________________

(3)太子及宾客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。

_________________________________________________________

单项选择题