问题 问答题

设α=[1,2,3,4]T,β=[3,-2,-1,1]T,A=αβT
(1)求A的特征值,特征向量;
(2)问A能否相似于对角阵,说明理由.

答案

参考答案:方法一 [*]
[*]
[*]
故A有特征值λ=0(四重根).
当λ=0时,由(λE-A)X=0,即AX=0,AX=0的同解方程为
3x1-2x2-x3+x4=0.
因 r(A)=r(αβT)≤r(α)=1,(α≠0)
A≠0,故r(A)=1.
故λ=0为四重根时,线性无关的特征向量只有三个,故A不能相似于对角阵.
方法二 r(A)=r(αβT)≤r(α)=1.又A≠0,故r(A)=1,|A|=0.
故A有特征值λ=0.对应的特征向量满足(0E-A)X=0,
即AX=αβTX=0,其同解方程组为3x1-2x2-x3+x4=0.
解得对应的特征向量为
ξ1=[2,3,0,0]T,ξ2=[1,0,3,0]T,ξ3=[1,0,0,-3]T
A的对应于λ=0的全体特征向量为k1ξ1+k2ξ2+k3ξ3,其中k1,k2,k3为不同时为零的任意常数.
故知λ=0至少是A的三重特征值,设第4个特征值为λ4
由[*],得λ4=0,
故λ=0是四重特征值,但对应的线性无关特征向量只有3个.
故A不能相似于对角阵.

单项选择题

Living in a foreign culture can be exciting, but it can also be confusing. A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences. They decided that miscommunications were always possible, even over something as simple as "yes" and "no".

On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific, Lisa thought people weren’t paying any attention to her. The day was hot. She went into a store and asked, "Do you have cold drinks" The woman there didn’t say anything. Lisa repeated the question. Still the woman said nothing. She later learned that the woman had answered her: She had raised her eyebrows, which in Micronesia means "yes".

Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe. She went to a restaurant that was known for its cabbage. She asked the waiter, "Do you have cabbage today" He nodded his head. Jan waited, but the cabbage never came. In that country, a nod means no.

Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India. After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood. They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head. He thought some people had not understood, so he explained again. When he asked again, they did the same thing. He soon found out that his students did understand. In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from. You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean "yes" or "no".

Tom misunderstood his class at first because ()

A.he did not know much about Indian culture

B.he didn’t explain everything clearly enough

C.some students didn’t understand his questions

D.he didn’t know where the students came from

单项选择题