问题 问答题 案例分析题

美国独立后成功地进行了制度创新,其宪法在中央政府的权力构建中体现了三权分立的原则。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一

众议院……有弹劾(违法失职的总统、副总统和高级文官)的全权。……参议院有审讯一切弹劾案的全权。……凡必须经参议院及众议院一致同意的命令、决议……应经总统批准……。经参议院的协议及同意,并得该院出席议员三分之二赞成时,总统有权缔结条约;总统提出大使、公使、领事、最高法院法官及合众国政府其他官吏,经参议院的协议及同意时任命之……

——摘自《美利坚合众国宪法》

材料二

美国总统威尔逊本是国联的发起人和积极的鼓吹者,但是……参议院拒不批准《凡尔赛和约》。结果,美国没有加入国联。

——《普通高中课程标准实验教科书••20世纪的战争与和平》

材料三

国会授权罗斯福进行大规模的干预及调节……,但在罗斯福新政的前期,最高法院与行政间则展开激烈的争吵。法官们……先后宣布新政的几个主要法令违宪,予以废止。

——据吴于廑、齐世荣主编《世界史》等改编

根据上述材料,并结合所学知识,分别概述美国“三权”在实践中是如何被限制的。

答案

参考答案:

立法权:国会分成众议院和参议院;国会立法须经总统批准,总统对立法有否决权;最高法院可以“违宪”的名义,废止已通过的立法。

行 * * :总统缔结条约须经参议院同意,总统任命官员须经参议院同意,国会对总统有弹劾权;总统连任不得超过两届。

司法权:最高法院法官由总统任命,参议院批准。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     After blogging regularly for two months, people felt they had better social support and friendship networks

than those who didn't blog. Blogging can help you feel less isolated, more connected to a community and more

satisfied with your friendships. Both online and face-to-face, a new Australian research has found.

     Researchers James Baker and Professor Susan Moore from Swinburne have written two papers investigating

the psychological benefits of blogging-regularly updating personal web pages with information that invites others

to comment.

     The first, published in the latest issue of the journal CyberPsychology and Behaviour. compares the mental

health of people intending to blog with that of people not planning to blog. Moore says the researchers messaged

600 MySpace users personally and directed them to an online survey. A total of 134 completed the questionnaire.

84 intended to blog and 50 didn't.

     "We found potential bloggers were less satisfied with their friendships and they felt less socially integrated;

they didn't feet as much part of a community as the people who weren't interested in blogging …"Moore says.

"It was as if they were saying 'I'm going to do this blogging and it's going to help me'."

     And it seemed to do the trick, as the researchers' second study shows. This study which is yet to be

published, was conducted two months later. The researchers sent out questionnaires (调查问卷) to the same

group of MySpace users, this time 59 responded Bloggers reported a greater sense of belonging to a group of

like-minded people and feeling more confident because they could rely on others for help. All respondents,

whether or not they blogged, reported feeling less anxious, depressed and stressed after two months of online

social networking.

     "So going onto MySpace had lifted the mood of all participants in some way," Moore says. "Maybe they'd

just made more social connections."

     Moore acknowledges this is early research and hopes to follow a larger group of people for a longer period time to test some of the research findings.

1. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The mental health of bloggers.

B. Blogging improves one's social life.

C. What kind of people are likely to blog.

D. Blogging has become more and more popular.

2. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _____.

A. those who were not interested in blogging didn't have good mental health

B. people were likely to become bloggers if they felt socially isolated

C. potential bloggers were those who had mental health problems

D. potential bloggers usually held a wrong view about blogging

3. The purpose of the second study is to find out _____. 

A. what people do on MySpace

B. how many people became bloggers

C. how people felt after blogging for two months

D. how many people kept blogging after two months

4. The second study shows that _____.

A. online social networking can do people good

B. only bloggers benefit from online social networking

C. not many potential bloggers became real bloggers

D. not all bloggers found the help they needed

5. The main purpose of people going onto MySpace is probably to _____.

A. exchange goods

B. entertain themselves

C. seek help

D. exchange views

单项选择题