问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一:1601年,伊丽莎白一世在前人有关济贫规定的基础上,制定颁布了英国历史上第一部专门的济贫法——《伊丽莎白济贫法》,又称旧济贫法。它规定,以教区为济贫的基本单位,将贫困者划分为三类,一类是无工作能力的老病残障者,一类是失去依靠的,最后一类是有劳动能力者,对于这一类不予救济,强制其做工自给。救济资金的来源分为济贫税、自愿捐款以及罚款三项。作为旧济贫法的补充,1662年颁布《住所法》,它规定,穷人只有在他的出生地才有可能得到救助,凡变更居住的的人,只要新居住地的管理人员认为其有可能成为救济对象,即可以将其驱除出境,送回其法定住所所在地的教区。

材料二:1834年,英国通过了《济贫法修正案》即新济贫法,它规定,从1835年7月1日起,一律停止对济贫院外所有壮年男子的救济,受救济者必须是被收容在济贫院中的贫民。建立有三个合适的人组成的“英格兰和威尔士济贫法委员会”。同时还规定,地方济贫管理机构的职责和权限,管理员不再是无薪俸的义务工作者,而由纳税人选举产生,领取工资。有人这样描述济贫院的基本情况:所内的生活条件极为恶劣,劳动极其繁重,贫民望而却步,被称之为劳动者的“巴士底狱”。政府就是用这种方法来减少受救济的人口和济贫的支出。

材料三:过去政府保证的基本 * * 是说,你可以自由地去争取你自己的幸福,至于争取得来,争取不来,政府管不了了,竞争的结果是,你失败了、你破产了、你没饭了,这些不是政府要管的事情。现在把政府的职能转变过来了,在经济上的保障,就是说,不饿死人也是政府的职能了,这个最低的保障就是,无匮乏的自由变成了基本的 * * 。这一点,我觉得在美国的观念上是一个很大的革命。

——资中筠谈罗斯福新政“大国崛起解说词”

综合以上材料,得出什么认识。

答案

参考答案:

政府勇于承担社会保障责任并加大力度开展社会保障;大力发展经济改革分配体制;减少贫困人口缓和社会矛盾。

解析:

认识可从政府的责任,完善社会保障制度,减少贫困,缓和矛盾等角度来展开。

考点:欧美代议制的确立与发展·英国君主立宪制的确立·济贫法;新航路的开辟、殖民扩张与资本主义世界市场的形成和发展·工业革命·工业革命的影响;罗斯福新政和当代资本主义的新变化·罗斯福新政·罗斯福新政的措施、意义

单项选择题
单项选择题

In meditation (冥想), people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go. Breathe. Let go. Breathe. Let go.
According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts, three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a marked change in how the brain allocates (分配) attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli(刺激), like facial-expressions.
The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice, everything from driving to playing the piano. The study has shown that meditation is good for the brain. It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being.
In an experiment, 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day. A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period. Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both groups looked for the numbers, their brain activity was recorded.
Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number. Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number, as if letting it go, which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number. This shows that attention can change with practice.
Just ask Daniel Levision, who meditated for three months as part of the study. "I am a much better listener," he said, "I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying. \

The study proves that ______.

A.meditation improves one’s health

B.brain activity can be recorded

C.human attention can be trained

D.mediators have a good sense of hearing