问题 问答题 案例分析题

【病例摘要】患者,女,58岁。患者于3周前,因感冒后而咳嗽,音哑,痰多黏稠,不易咳出,痰色黄稠,每到夜间咳嗽加重,伴口干渴,头痛,汗出,恶风,既往有高血压病史6年,未规律服用降压药。查体:T37.8℃,P80次/分,R21次/分,BP150/90mmHg。神清,形体肥胖,声音嘶哑,口唇干燥,听诊双肺呼吸音粗糙,双肺底可闻及湿性啰音,舌苔薄黄,脉浮数而滑。辅助检查:WBC50×109/L,N0.80,L0.20,血沉5mm/h。胸部X线片示肺纹理增粗。心电图正常。【答题要求】(1)根据上述病例摘要,完成书面辨证论治。(2)请与上下呼吸道感染相鉴别。

答案

参考答案:

一、西医诊断依据

(1)咳嗽、咳痰3周。

(2)形体肥胖,声音嘶哑,口唇干燥,听诊双肺呼吸音粗糙,双肺底可闻及湿性啰音。

(3)血常规:WBC50×109/L,N0.80,L0.20,血沉5mm/h。胸部X线片示肺纹理增粗。

二、西医鉴别诊断

首先必须把肺炎与上呼吸道感染和下呼吸道感染区别开来,呼吸道感染虽有咳嗽、咳痰和发热等症状,但各有特点,上下呼吸道感染无肺实质浸润,胸部X线检查可鉴别。

三、中医辨证依据与病因病机分析

1.中医辩证依据患者3周前感冒,风热之邪未尽,循经入肺,肺失清肃,故咳嗽、声音嘶哑;热邪灼津为痰则咳痰、痰黏难咳、痰多黄稠;风热之邪入里,卫表失和故汗出、恶风;风热上扰则头痛;舌苔薄黄、脉浮数而滑为风热犯肺、肺有痰热之象。

2.病因病机分析风热之邪未尽,循经入肺,肺失清肃,卫表失和。

四、入院诊断

1.西医诊断①肺炎;②原发性高血压病1级。

2.中医疾病诊断咳嗽。

3.中医辨证诊断风热犯肺。

五、中医治疗

1.中医治法疏风清热,宣肺止咳。

2.所选方剂名称桑菊饮加减。

3.药物组成、剂量及煎服法桑叶1Og、菊花1Og、薄荷1Og、连翘1Og、前胡1Og、牛蒡子6g、杏仁1Og、桔梗1Og、浙贝母1Og、枇杷叶1Og;3剂,水煎服,日一剂,分两次服用。

六、西医治疗原则与方法

(一)肺炎治疗

1.卧床休息进易消化食物,可给祛痰药物。

2.抗菌治疗首选大环内酯类。

(二)高血压治疗

1.非药物治疗减轻体重,减少钠盐摄入,补充钙和钾盐,减少脂肪摄入,增加运动。

2.降压药治疗原则上应将血压降至患者能最大耐受的水平,目前一般主张血压控制目标至少<140/90mmHg。可单独使用利尿剂等,治疗应从小剂量开始,逐步递增剂量。

材料分析题
单项选择题

The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920’s. In the 1920’s, but especially (1) the Depression of the 1930’s, the United States experienced a (2) birth rate. Then with the prosperity (3) on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and (4) households earlier and began to (5) larger families than had their (6) during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. (7) economics was probably the most important (8) , it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed (9) the idea of the family also helps to (10) this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming (11) the first grade by the mid-1940’s and became a (12) by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself (13) The wartime economy meant that few new schools were buih between 1940 and 1945. (14) , large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere.

(15) , in the 1950’s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930’s no longer made (16) ; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high (17) for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators (18) turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and (19) . The system no longer had much (20) in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.

6()

A.predecessors

B.successors

C.processors

D.oppressors