问题 问答题 案例分析题

列宁说:“民主共和知识资本主义所能采用的最好的政治外壳,所以资本一掌握这个最好的外壳,就能十分巩固十分可靠地确立自己的权利,以致在资产阶级民主共和国中,无论人员、无论机构、无论政党的任何更换,都不会是这个权利动摇。”

上述材料蕴含了国家学说的哪些道理?

答案

参考答案:

国体决定政体,政体体现国体;一定的政体服务于一定的国体,同志阶级为维护其根本利益,总是力求采取有效的政体。

解析:

抓住“国家学说”一词,从国体与政体的关系回答

单项选择题

The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.

The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process.

With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. "Hua Mei" was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.

The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will grow and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.

Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species’ habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue. (402 words)

Notes: ethically 道德上。gene pool 基因库。insemination n.受精。fertilize 使受精。embryo 胚胎。proponent支持者,拥护者。weigh A against B权衡A和B的利弊。

The main purpose of the last paragraph is to()

A. argue in favor of one side on a particularly controversial topic of cloning

B. display both sides’ arguments on another contentious issue in cloning

C. redirect the readers’ attention to the previously raised issue of ethics in cloning

D. provide further relevant information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique

单项选择题