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问题 问答题

(1)建设工程总投资与建设工程造价的概念。
(2)试述建设工程造价的构成。

答案

参考答案：(1)建设项目总投资，是指进行一个工程项目的建造所投入的全部资金，包括固定资产投资和流动资产投入两部分。建设工程造价是建设项目投资中的固定资产投资部分(对经营性建设项目而言，还包括铺底的流动资金)，即从工程项目建设意向确定直至建成、竣工验收为止的整个建设期间所支出的固定资产投资总额。
(2)建设工程造价是指项目从筹建、施工直至竣工投产所需的全部费用。具体包括设备及工器具购置费、建筑安装工程费用、工程建设其他费用、预备费、建设期贷款利息和固定资产投资方向调节税。

选择题

近几年，液氯、液氨、硝基苯等物质的泄漏事故不断发生．下列说法正确的是（　　）

A．液氯能使干燥的红色布条褪色

B．液氨气化时吸收大量的热，可以用作致冷剂

C．工业上用苯的硝化生产硝基苯，其原料无毒，符合绿色化学理念

D．液氯、液氨、硝基苯泄漏都可以用NaOH溶液处理
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填空题

Part 1


·Read the fllowing passages, eight sentences have been removed from the article.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
There’s a story in Texas about the rancher who complained when a well driller found oil instead of the water he had been sent to look for. "Cattle can’t drink that stuff!" the rancher cried.
That story is no longer funny. We are short of both oil and water, but the water shortage is worse. (1) And we are using water a great deal faster than it is being replaced. The replacement rate is dependent on rainfall (sometimes in the form of snow) to resupply rivers, lakes, and ground water. (2) Worse, droughts are occurring more frequently and are increasing in severity, not only in the United States but also abroad.
Even without droughts, rainfall is insufficient to maintain a balance. (3) So much water has been taken from the Colorado River by Arizona and California that Mexico has complained that those states have exceeded the U.S. share under a 1944 treaty on water-sharing. Southern Californians also have elaborated arrangements to transport water from the Pacific North west, which has it in abundance, to their area, which doesn’t have nearly enough to support its population. (4)
Short of a fanciful solution, the U.S. has two broad options, neither pleasant. We can conserve or we can produce. The former is inconvenient or worse: less irrigation (and thus less food), fewer swimming pools golf courses, and green lawns. (5) In the quantities necessary, this would probably require nuclear power. It is technically feasible, but expensive, and was considered 30 years ago as a joint U.S.-Mexican project in the Gulf of California to alleviate the Colorado river problem. As more of it is done, the cost could be expected to come down; and as we became more desperate for water, we would be more willing to pay the cost even if it didn’t come down. (6) This is an arrangement whereby large landowners would sell the groundwater under their land, for whatever the market would bear, to cities that might be hundreds of miles distant. This would involve the considerable cost of pipeline construction and would mean faster depletion of groundwater reserves. (7)
It’s a good bet that during the 21st century some new arrangements are going to have to be made about the nation’s — and the world’s — water supplies. These are likely to be neither cheap nor easy. They are more likely to be cheaper and easier if we have thought about them in advance. (8) We have been sued to choices of guns or butter. This one might be water or meat.
  • A. A century ago, a drought affected only farmers and perhaps inland navigation; now it affects everybody.
  • B. The Northwest is showing signs of getting tired of this drain.
  • C. It is not too soon to begin.
  • D. We cannot live without oil in the style to which we have become accustomed, but we cannot live at all without water.
  • E. Rivers are running dry, especially in the West.
  • F. It would also mean less food production.
  • G. A solution currently being advanced in west Texas is a concept called "Water Ranching".
  • H. The latter is expensive: desalinization of seawater.
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