问题 问答题 案例分析题

美国独立后成功地进行了制度创新,其宪法在中央政府的权利构建中体现了三权分立的原则。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一

众议院……有弹劾(违法失职的总统,副总统和高级文官)的全权。……参议院有审讯一切弹劾案的全权。……凡必须经参议院及众议院一致同意的命令、决议……应经总统批准……。经参议院的协议及同意,并得该院出席议员三分之二赞成时,总统有权缔结条约;总统提出大使、公使、领事、最高法院法官及合众国政府其他官吏,经参议院的协议及同意时,任命之……

——摘自《美利坚合众国宪法》

材料二

美国总统威尔逊本是国联的发起人和积极的鼓吹者,但是……参议院拒不批准《凡尔赛和约》。结果,美国没有加入国联……

——《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·20世纪的战争与和平》

材料三

国会授权罗斯福进行大规模的干预和调节……但在罗斯福新政的前期,最高法院与行政间则展开激烈争吵。法官们……先后宣布新政的几个主要法令违宪,予以废止。

——据吴于廑、齐世荣主编《世界史》等改编

根据上述材料,并结合所学知识。分别概述美国的“三权”在实践中是如何被限制的。

答案

参考答案:

立法权:国会分成众议院和参议院;国会立法须经总统批准,总统对立法有否决权;最高法院可以“违宪”的名义,废止已通过的立法。

行 * * :总统缔结条约须经参议院同意,总统任命官员须经参议院同意,国会对总统有弹劾权;总统连任不得超过两届。

司法权:最高法院法官由总统任命,参议院批准。

判断题
单项选择题

What a difference Kathleen made in my college life! She was confident where I was shaky. She was disciplined while I was wild. She was responsible; I was lazy. We signed up for all of the same classes. I was so impressed with her. She worked with incredible diligence and with such self-assurance. I started to emulate her. I wanted to impress her.
One day the homework assignment was to create an exciting illustration based on a pair of shoes. I was bursting with ideas and ran home and pulled out my favorite pair of antique thrift shop "old-lady shoes." I concentrated and worked and sweated and created a self-perceived masterpiece !
I called Kathleen and bragged that I’d finished the assignment. "What !" she exclaimed. "How could you possibly be finished already " I was so pleased with myself that I asked her if I could run by her apartment and show her my stunning creation. "Sure," she said.
I raced down from my fifth-floor apartment, precious drawing in hand, and headed to her place. When I got there, I held up my paper with such glowing confidence, only to have my swelled cockiness crushed by Kathleen’s reaction:
"Is that the only drawing you did "
"Well, yes," I responded sheepishly. "Why "
"C’mon," she said. "It’s still nice out. Let’s go to Washington Square Park and really do some drawings." I was puzzled; but when she led, I willingly followed.
The whole way to the park, Kathleen animatedly talked about form, content, composition and really studying the subjects. She described the shoes in my drawing as the kind you see on the old women that sit in the park and feed pigeons. Her excitement was contagious,
When we got to the park, she surveyed the scene and chirped, "Over there!" She pointed to a bench that was surrounded by discarded, crumpled paper bags, soda cans and empty cigarette packs. An old woman sitting on the bench had fallen asleep. Kathleen handed me her drawing pad and said, "Here. Now, draw the shoes on that woman! Draw them over and over until you really know what they look like."
I drew and drew. I filled the sketchbook pages. They were the best I’d ever done thus far. Kathleen watched, and I felt fueled by my captive audience. I was showing off! It was such fun.
The next day was the class critique. I felt so proud hanging my drawing up on the wall for all to see. I knew I had drawn an illustration to be proud of. As the class discussion circled the room to my piece, I heard my fellow students say, sensitive, accurate, beautifully stylized. I looked over at Kathleen, and she gave me that wink and loving smile of hers. College was going to be a lot more fun with her around.
And it was. She continually inspired me, laughed with me, sketched with me and went out dancing with me. Our works of art were chosen for special exhibits, and we both made the dean’s list. We wore our caps and gowns together, and a few years later, I was "best woman" at her wedding. Whatever fears I had going into college about not being able to make new friends were gently washed away when I found my special, best friend.
After we obtained our BFA degrees, the world opened up for both of us. Now we are both successful self-employed artists. I work in my lovely Chelsea cooperative apartment that I bought five years ago as a freelance, illustrator, a graphic designer. Kathleen, a sculptor and mural painter. Oops! I gotta run. Kathleen and I are meeting for dinner and a movie.

The statement "only to have my swelled cockiness crushed by Kathleen’s reaction" means that ______.

A.she hadn’t expected to her cockiness crushed by Kathleen’s cool reaction

B.her only purpose was to please Kathleen with her quick work

C.she was so pleased to receive such a reaction from Kathleen

D.Kathleen was wrong to give the speaker a cool reaction