问题 问答题

某化工厂以煤为原料生产甲醇60万t/a。该工程的主要过程为煤制备、气化、变换、脱硫脱碳、压缩、甲醇合成、精馏,工艺简图如图1所示。

表1为备煤工序废气的排放情况。工程设置污水处理站,专门用于处理煤气化污水和低温甲醇洗废水,设计规模为25m3/h,表2为污水处理站进、出水水质数据(缺部分数据,需要填写)。

表1 备煤工序废气的排放情况

序号排放点排气量/m3/h

粉尘产生

(处理前)

粉尘排放

(处理后)

排放规律排气筒高度/m治理措施
浓度/(mg/m3)产生量/(kg/h)浓度/(mg/m3)排放量/(kg/h)
G1二级破碎机室102000100000102000454.59连续90高效长袋低压大型脉
G2气化煤仓72001000072950.68间断65冲喷吹袋式收尘器
G3石灰石仓4801000048950.046间断25高效袋式收尘器
G4锅炉煤仓1200010000120951.14间断75高效袋式收尘器
G5一级破碎机室2400010000240952.8连续30高效袋式收尘器
G6第一转运站72001000072950.8连续45高效袋式收尘器
G7第二转运站72001000072950.68连续65高效袋式收尘器

 

表2 污水处理站进、出水水质数据

编号废水来源废水水量/(m3/h)项目废水水质指标
CODBODNH3-NCN-SS
W1煤气化污水20.0浓度/(mg/L)3002002001050
排量/(kg/h)6.004.004.000.201.00
W2低温甲醇洗洗水0.5浓度/(mg/L)1500975——————
排量/(kg/h)0.750.49——————
污水处理站进水20.5浓度/(mg/L)     
排量/(kg/h)     
污水处理站出水20.5浓度/(mg/L)     
排量/(kg/h)     
处理效率/% 8590758570

 

该工程还设置灰渣场,距厂址1km,用于处置气化炉灰渣。设计灰渣场为200m×85m,最高标高276.6m,最低标高212.2m,经平整后容积可达40万m3。 该项目的主要风险源为甲醇贮罐,甲醇成品罐区设有2个立式内浮顶贮罐,容积为2×30000=60000m3,储存时间为21天,常压贮存。 根据本工程的甲醇和硫化氢无组织排放量计算出卫生防护距离分别为238m和165m,在厂址的周围1000m内有3个村庄,具体位置见表3。

表3 厂址周围环境敏感点

环境敏感点方位距离/m户数人数
甲村N802531160
乙村SW2003161090
丙村E500190696

 

根据表1的数据计算除尘效率。

答案

参考答案:

见表3。

表3 除尘效率

序号
单项选择题

No blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government control to one based almost solely on free market principles. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-performing state-owned are sold to private companies.

By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state-controlled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion annually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased its debt burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Alistair McBride, "Far from past practice of throwing good money after bad, the Queen’s government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale." That, say some analysts, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the nation’s economy to boot.

Due to increased tax revenues from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain will be able to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a whole at a time when many sectors are desperate for any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a year ago. British Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contract was finalized, the first union contract signed at the port without a work stoppage in twelve years. Closer to home for most Britons, the nation’s phone service, British Telecom, no longer puts new subscribers on a waiting list. Prior to privatization, new customers would sometimes have to wait months before phone service could be installed in their home. Now, according to a company press release, British Telecom is promising 24-hour turnaround for all new customers.

Part of this improved productivity has to do with new efforts to allow employees to hold a stake in the company’s future. Companies now give their employees stock options that allow employees to share in the company’s success (and profits). The response has been enthusiastic to say the least. At British Aerospace; 89% of those eligible to buy company shares did so. At British Telecom nearly 92% of eligible employees took part. Finally, at Associated British Ports, long synonymous with union disagreements, walkouts, and labor strife, almost 90% of employees now can call themselves owners of the company.

"When people have a personal stake in something," said Henry Dundee of Associated British Ports, "they think about it, they care about, they work to make it prosper." At the National Freight Consortium, itself no stranger to labor problems, the new employee-owners actually voted down an employee pay-increase and, pressured union representatives to relax demands for increased wages and expanded benefits. "Privatization was only the start," says one market analyst, "what we may have here is a new industrial revolution.\

UK’s experience in 1979 demonstrates that()

A. government control can be based on free market principles

B. privatization is the only way out for UK’s economic development

C. state-owned enterprises can benefit a lot from privatization

D. a major transformation in economic system is feasible