问题 填空题 案例分析题

雾霾天气影响人们的生活质量,空气中的病原体、过敏原和有毒颗粒物可以使人患病。请回答下列问题。

治理雾霾需要采用多种措施综合实施,如减少工业污染排放、露天工地的粉尘覆盖、降低骑车尾气排放,以及()。

答案

参考答案:增加城市绿色植被

解析:

(1)流感病毒进入人体后,未侵入细胞时可通过体液免疫清除,若侵入细胞需要细胞免疫参与。接种疫苗的作用是诱发人体产生相应的抗体和记忆细胞。

(2)抗体由浆细胞分泌。

(3)依据体温调节机制图可知:体温高于正常体温时,下丘脑感受到变化,通过神经—体液发送信息,导致汗腺分泌增多,毛细血管舒张,增加散热,肌肉和肝脏产热减少,使体温下降到正常。汗腺分泌增多,机体失水增多,使的细胞外液渗透压升高,所以病人需要及时补充水分。

(4)治理雾霾的措施:减少工业污染排放、露天工地的粉尘覆盖、降低骑车尾气排放、植树种草增加绿色植被的覆盖率等。

考点:本题考查免疫知识、体温调节知识、环境保护知识,意在考查对知识的识记及理解应用。

单项选择题
单项选择题

It sounds like a science fiction, but researchers say it’s a scientific fact: Microscopic organisms dubbed "killer algae" are paralyzing fish with unknown toxins and then eating away at their flesh. They might be making people sick, too.
The name given to this single-cell organism, or dinoflagellate, is Pfiesteria piscimorte- literally, "fish killer. " It was discovered at North Carolina State University in 1988, but at the same time, few scientists believed in its existence, much less in its highly unusual predatory nature. But ongoing research has led to international acknowledgment of the phenomenon and, recently, research funding.
Seemingly prompted by an unknown substance secreted by fish, the aggressive creature swims into action. It sends neurotoxins into the water and air, paralyzing a fish’s nervous system, and causing it to gasp for air at the surface. Eventually the fish suffocates. The killer dinoflagellate then attaches itself to the fish and begins sucking away at its flesh. This macabre scenario may help solve several sea mysteries, such as why fishermen report seeing "fish walks" (fish trying to leave the water) and pools of dead fish with holes eaten through them.
Whether humans are affected by the dinoflagellate’s toxin remains to be seen. Researchers think it’s unlikely eating fresh fish are in danger, but anyone with frequent exposure to the creature could be in peril. Several researchers working with the algae have reported bouts of memory loss and disorientation.
To understand the killer algae further, scientists must fully characterize their toxin and determine what stimulates them to attack. They also need to know if the algae are hurting fish populations, and whether pollutants make them more likely to attack.

The word "they" underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A. organisms
B. fish

C. toxins

D. flesh