问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读材料,完成下列问题。

材料一

宪政制度能够在英国产生有赖于英国传统习惯和中世纪分封制度中有丰富妥协因素:分封制度本身接近契约关系;继承制度和婚姻关系在扩张领土上的广泛应用等等都是某种协商和妥协的产物。最为关键的因素是盎格鲁—萨克逊的贤人会议的传统,教会的制约和习惯法的限制使得国王几乎从来都没有演变为东方式的完全不受限制的专制君主。克伦威尔在内战后借助议会军建立起来的专制统治使得英国人充分认识到,通过圣洁的革命建立起来的专制统治比传统君主制度危害更大。丰富的妥协经验和对革命以及革命建立起来的专制统治危害的认识使英国人更倾向于采用渐进妥协的方式完成政治变革。

——王从圣《各国民主制度的建立途径》

材料二

18世纪80年代的美国在政治上是特别得天独厚的:那里既有继承自英国的自由主义传统,又有从法国启蒙运动中吸收了许多英国所没有的有关现代民主政治的重要理念——在后一方面,美国人在殖民地时代和宗主国之间的矛盾显然起过重大作用,它为美国在现代民主创制试验方面实现对英国的重大超越提供了可能。

——马克垚主编《世界文明史》

材料三

根据美国宪法,美国总统选举每四年举行一次,国会选举每两年举行一次。其中一次国会选举与四年一度的总统选举同时举行,而另一次则在两届总统选举之间举行。在两次总统选举之间举行的国会选举,就是“中期选举”。

美国《华盛顿邮报》网站2014年11月5日报道,美国2014年中期选举于当地时间11月5日凌晨初步决出胜负。共和党在参议院获得超过半数席位,并进一步扩大了众议院的优势地位,而在州长选举中同样横扫民主党的“半场”。由此,美国的政治权力进入“共和党时间”。据报道,截至当地时间5日1点,美国共和党已在参议院100个席位中拿下52个席位,在众议院的436个席位中占据227个席位,在全国50个州中赢得27位州长。评论称此次选举见证了共和党的“冲击波”。这标志着自2007年美国参众两院首次由单一党派统领。

请回答:

据材料三并结合所学知识,分析美国中期选举的实质。共和党的胜选可能使总统奥巴马(民主党领袖)受到制肘,试根据美国宪法规定的原则分析受制的原因。

答案

参考答案:

中期选举的实质是民主党和共和党争夺对国会的控制权。

总统的行政计划和措施需要国会的批准和通过,党派政见的分歧可能影响国会多数票的通过;总统有权否决国会通过的法律,但国会复议时若以三分之二多数再次通过,即为有效;总统必须执行国会通过的各项法案,并接受国会和司法部门的监督。

完形填空
完形填空。
     On the IraqSyria border,a pack of wild dogs circled American soldiers for food. The leader of the
pack was a grayandwhite dog. The soldiers called him Nubs. Nubs was shaking and   1   able to stand.
Marine major Brian Dennis looked closer and saw that there was a knife wound   2   his chest.
    Dennis couldn't stand seeing the dog   3  . He and his men immediately treated the wound,and gave
Nubs oral medicine. Nubs  4   but was still in pain. The next day,the team had to  5  .Ten days later,
Dennis's unit was back,and so was Nubs. He was still   6  , but the men fed him and played with him.
     Before long the unit once again  7   an outpost (前哨) 70 miles away. Nubs,slowly but
determinedly,  8   them far into the trackless wasteland until the men lost   9   of him. Two days later,
beyond Dennis's 10 , he saw Nubs just outside the outpost. The dog had tracked him across 70 miles
of frozen desert to   11   with the friend who had saved his life. From then on Nubs and the men slept
in the same place,and ran around in the same ruins.
     Until an order came down from above that they were not   12   to have pets, Dennis  13   to make
sure the dog would continue to live the   14   life. So he quickly raised $4,000 from his family and friends
to fly Nubs to  15  .    
     A month later, when Dennis and the dog were 16   in California,at first Nubs didn't recognize the
guy.  17   within minutes, the dog jumped into Dennis's arms, jumping up again and again to   18   his
friend's face.A little  19  and concern in the middle of war will not save a violent world. But small stories,
like the story of a soldier and a dog, hold a promise of a(n)  20  world.
( )1. A. mostly      
( )2. A. in        
( )3. A. stand      
( )4. A. pulled through
( )5. A. leave      
( )6. A. hungry      
( )7. A. took up    
( )8. A. watched      
( )9. A. touch      
( )10. A. ability    
( )11. A. part      
( )12. A. asked      
( )13. A. decided    
( )14. A. moving    
( )15. A. London    
( )16. A. found      
( )17. A. So      
( )18. A. lick      
( )19. A. pity      
( )20. A. equal      
B. certainly
B. on  
B. starve
B. fell asleep
B. rest
B. tired
B. took over
B. followed
B. sight
B. surprise
B. fight
B. suggested
B. agreed
B. good
B. America
B. interviewed
B. And    
B. touch    
B. mercy    
B. harmonious
C. barely  
C. at    
C. bleed  
C. woke up 
C. pass  
C. dirty   
C. left for  
C. accompanied
C. footprint  
C. imagination
C. meet   
C. required
C. accepted  
C. safe    
C. Iraq    
C. linked  
C. But   
C. bite   
C. care
C. prosperous

D. never           
D. behind          
D. suffer          
D. fell down       
D. remain          
D. weak          
D. returned from  
D. barked        
D. smell          
D. understanding    
D. break        
D. allowed           
D. proposed        
D. interesting     
D. Syria           
D. reunited        
D. Though        
D. clean             
D. contribution    
D. amazing      

单项选择题

Questions 91 — 100 are based on the following passage. (15 points)Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mail and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or ’’opt-out’’ of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such ’’opt-out’’ mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.

Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail

A.It costs money to receive them.

B.It’s free to store them.

C.It takes time to access them.

D.It takes time to throw them away.