问题 问答题 论述题

结合实例,谈谈中学生伦理发展的基本特征。

答案

参考答案:

伦理是人与人之间的关系以及必须遵守的行为准则,是道德关系的的概括,伦理道德是道德发展的最高阶段。整个中学阶段,学生品德迅速发展,处于伦理形成时期。(一)伦理道德发展具有自律性,言行一致1、形成道德信念与道德理想,中学阶段是道德信念和道德理想形成并以此指导行动的时期。中学生逐渐掌握伦理道德并服从它,表现为独立、自觉地依据道德信念、价值标准去行动,使学生的的道德行为更有原则性和自觉性;2、自我意识增强,在品德发展的过程中,中学生更关注自我道德修养,并努力加以提高,中学生对自我道德修养的反省性和监控型有明显的提高,这位产生自觉的道德行为提供了有效的前提;3、道德行为习惯逐步巩固,由于不断的实践、联系,加之较为稳定的的道德信念的指导,中学生逐步形成了与道德伦理相一致的较为定型的道德行为习惯;品德结构更为完善,中学生的的道德认识、道德情感与道德行为三者之间相互协调,形成一个较为完善的动态结构,使他们不仅按照自己的道德准则去行动,也逐渐成为稳定的个性心理结构的一部分。二,品德发展由动荡向成熟过渡初中阶段品德发展具有动荡性;高中阶段品德发展趋向成熟。总体来讲,初中生的伦理道德已经开始形成,具有两极分化性的特点,高中生的伦理道德发展具有成熟,可以比较自学的运用一定的道德观念、原则、信念来调节自己的行为。

单项选择题
阅读理解

IV阅读理解 32%

If you are a 30-plus plain Jane, or if you are not a local fresh graduate, get ready for the embarrassment(尴尬) in the job market. And you are just one of the millions to face discrimination(歧视).

About 85 percent of the 3,424 people covered by a survey in 10 big cities, including Beijing and Shanghai, said discrimination in work and employment(就业) did exist. Also, the survey results given on Friday showed that 58 percent thought the problem to be severe(严重).

Appearance, height and gender are the most discriminative categories(范畴), the Beijing Morning Post reported.

Some requirements could be funny. The newspaper said Beijing citizen Zhang Meng, who had more than 10 years’ driving experience, failed to get a job because his possible employers considered his name to be “unlucky”.

“Meng”, they said, literally(字面上)means “rush” in Chinese, which made him more accident prone(倾向)than others.

Employers discriminate against people from certain regions or areas, such as Central China’s Henan Province, because of the bad impression they have about them. Beijing citizens, too, have their share of bad luck because they are generally considered lazy.

Cai Dingjian, a professor from China University of Political Science and Law, who headed the survey, said such requirements, which are not connected with the job itself, violate(侵犯)people’s equal right to look for a career. “It violates basic human rights,” he said to the newspaper.

Cai said governments should pay attention to such discriminations because they exist not only in companies, but are also practiced by them. One example is that civil servants(公务员) are usually required to have a pleasant personality.

Director of the labour law committee under the All China Lawyers Association

Jiang Junlu said the lack of related laws was at the root of all discriminations.

46. Zhang Meng failed to get a job because __________.

A. he had made more mistakes than others

B. he lacked driving experience

C. he was considered to have an unlucky name

D. he couldn’t find a pleasant employer

47. What is people’s response to discrimination in job market?

A. They think it is unfair but necessary due to the large population of China.

B. It does exist in certain regions, but is not so serious.

C. Something must be done to stop it by governments.

D. It is a local problem and isn’t worth much concern.

48. What can be an effective way to fight against discrimination according to the passage?

A. To fine companies which practice discrimination.

B. To make laws related to discrimination.

C. To stop more people moving into cities.

D. To train people those who are poor in skills.

49. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Discrimination not only exists in companies, but also in governments.

B. Employers nowadays concern more about appearance, height and gender.

C. People in Beijing will never worry about experiencing discrimination.

D. Requirements connected with the job itself should have been put in the first place.