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问题 单项选择题

鲁迅在评论一部小说时说道：“因为不反对天子，所以大军一到，便受招安，替国家打别的强盗——不‘替天行道’的强盗去了。终于是奴才。”下列各项对这部小说产生的时代背景描述正确的是（）

A.国家积贫积弱社会矛盾尖锐

B.火药武器开始在军事上得到应用

C.理学兴起规范人伦社会秩序

D.商品经济发展，市民阶层扩大

答案

参考答案：D

解析：

本题主要考查学生解读材料，最大限度获取有效信息，认识历史事物本质和规律，并作出准确判断的能力。根据题干材料关键信息“不反对天子”“便被招安”“替国家打别的强盗”，结合所学知识，解读题干材料，不难判断出，鲁迅评论的小说是《水浒传》，关于明清小说产生的时代背景，根本上是由于资本主义萌芽的产生及发展，即商品经济的发展，市民阶层扩大。故，本题正确答案选D。其余ABC 三项均不正确。

考点：古代中国的科学技术与文学艺术·文学成就·明清小说

实验题

某兴趣小组利用家中的材料研究影响物质溶解性的因素，实验步骤设计如下：

Ⅰ、称取六份冰糖和一份食盐，每10g为一份，并将其中五份冰糖研磨成粉末。

Ⅱ、按照下表进行实验(实验所需仪器略)

请你对他们的实验设计进行分析：

(1)根据上述设计，你认为他们准备研究的影响因素是_______， 其中不影响物质溶解性的因素是_____。

(2)根据第四组实验与前三组实验的比较，你可以得到的结论是_______________。
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单项选择题

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual’’s life. The rewards of the group’’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation

A．Tertiary cooperation

B．Accommodation

C．Latent conflict

D．Antagonistic cooperation
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