问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一从金人入主中原到元人统一全国,异族的音乐大量流入,汉族地区原有的音乐便与这种外来音乐相结合,产生新变,同时产生了与之相适应的新的歌词,这就是所谓“北曲”,也就是后来所说的“元曲”。其后,这种曲子一面用于杂剧,成为剧中的唱词,一面作为独立的抒情乐歌,也就是“散曲”。

——引自《中国戏剧发展简史》

材料二元蒙统治者废除科举制度,不仅断绝了知识分子跻身仕途的可能,而且把他们贬到低下的地位。这些修养颇高的文化人,被沉入社会底层。在疏远经史,冷淡诗文的无可奈何之中,他们只有到勾栏瓦舍去打发光阴、去寻求生路。于是,新兴的元杂剧意外地获得一批又一批的专业创作者。这些落魄文人共同创造着中国戏剧的黄金时代。与从前的偏于抒发主观心绪意趣的诗词不同,元杂剧以广泛反映社会为已任。显然,这是由于作家们长期生活于闾巷村坊,对现实有着深切了解和感受的缘故。

——引自《中国戏剧发展简史》

材料三元统一全国后,由于南方城市经济的固有优势,北方杂剧作家纷纷漫游或迁居南方,南方籍文人也纷纷染指杂剧创作。大致到大德末年以后,杂剧创作活动的中心逐渐由大都转移到杭州。

——引自《中国戏剧发展简史》

材料四元杂剧在城市经济发达的南方未能获得更大的发展,有多方面的原因。首先,杂剧虽然在元统一以后成为全国性的文艺样式,但它毕竟原产于北方,和北方的方言、音乐、民俗文化有密切的联系。杂剧创作的中心转移到南方以后,对它的继续生长必然有所不利。虽说杂剧作为主要戏曲种类的地位一直延续到明代前期,但它最后还是被从南戏发展起来的传奇所取代,这和地方文化的背景显然有很大的关系。

——引自《中国戏剧发展简史》

根据材料一,概括“散曲”产生的原因有哪些?(不得抄原文)

答案

参考答案:

原因:元朝全国性统一,推动了民族融合;汉族文化与少数民族文化交流融合进一步加剧;杂剧发展的需要。

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阅读理解。
    你想知道中西方的节日有何不同吗?快来看看这两封电子邮件吧!
To: Jenny@126.com                     From: Liming@yahoo.com.cn
Subject: Autumn!                          Date: 29/09/ 8:00 p.m.
Hello, Jenny!
    Today is the Mid-Autumn Festival. We will watch the moon tonight, and look for
Chang'e and Wu Gang. We usually eat mooncakes. They are round, like the moon.
    National Day is also in autumn, on October 1st. My mother and father are usually
free for seven days! We will do many things together. I like going to the National
Day celebration.
    But the best thing in autumn is my birthday. It's in October. I will be fifteen
years old. Goodbye.
                                                                           Yours, 
                                                                           Li Ming
To: Liming@yahoo.com.cn                From: Jenny@126.com
Subject: _______!                              Date: 29/09/ 9:12 p.m.
Dear Li Ming,
    Thank you for your e-mail! I love autumn too. In Canada (加拿大), we have an autumn
holiday called Thanksgiving Day. Family members always celebrate it together. I will go
to my grandmother and grandfather's house. My uncles, aunts and their children will be
there too.
    Canadian Thanksgiving Day is in early October. In the USA, they celebrate Thanksgiving
Day in late November.
    Have a good time on your birthday, Li Ming! On my birthday, I have a cake with candles.
Everyone sings the song "Happy birthday". Then I blow out the candles! Will you have a
cake for your birthday?
                                                                            Your friend,
                                                                            Jenny
1. — When is Li Ming's birthday?
   — ______.
[ ]
A. On September 29th
B. In September
C. Before September 29th
D. After September 29th
2. Americans celebrate Thanksgiving Day ______.
[ ]
A. in early October
B. in early November
C. in late October
D. in late November
3. — What do Canadians usually do on Thanksgiving Day?
   — They usually ______.
[ ]
A. eat cakes
B. stay together
C. watch the moon
D. sing a song
4. The subject (主题) of Jenny's e-mail is "______".
[ ]
A. Your birthday
B. My birthday
C. Thanksgiving Day
D. National Day
5. — What must Li Ming and Jenny use when they write to each other? 
   — ______.
[ ]
A. Pens
B. Paper
C. Computers
D. Telephones
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