问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一:我国文字产生之后,经过长期的发展,至春秋战国时代,……出现了“言语异声,文字异形”的局面。……这不仅妨碍了文化的发展,更重要的是会给初建的秦皇朝的各种文书、档案的书写、阅览和传播造成巨大的困难。针对这种文字的紊乱状况,秦始皇统一六国后,便接受李斯的建议,立即采取了“书同文字”的措施。……它(小篆)字体整齐划一,布局紧凑,笔划匀称,明显改变了六国文字那种构造繁杂,难写难认的弱点。在秦代,……由于隶书笔划平正,结构趋于合理,便于书写辨认,因此在社会上广为传播,并成为全国常用的通行字体。

——白寿彝主编《中国通史》

材料二:中国之所以在许多世纪中一直是个勤劳的但缺乏进取心的广袤地区,而不是世界上首屈一指的强国,大概就是由于它的语言和文字的复杂,而不是由于任何别的可以想象到的原因。

——[英]乔·韦尔斯《世界史纲》

材料三:中国文字,论其字形,则非拼音而为象形文字之末流,不便于识,不便于写;论其字义,则意义含糊,文法极不精密;论其在今日学问上之应用,则新理、新事、新物之名词,一无所有;论其过去之历史,则千分之九百九十九为记载孔门学说及道教妖言之记号。此种文字,断断不能适用于二十世纪之新时代。

——钱玄同《中国今后之文字问题》

结合时代背景,说明材料三作者当时提出废除汉字的目的。对于包括汉字在内的中国古代文化遗产,我们应该持有怎样的正确态度?

答案

参考答案:

目的:民族资本主义发展,建立民主政治要求,尊孔复古逆流。反对封建专制,进行思想启蒙。

态度:抛弃民族虚无主义(抛弃全盘否定中国传统文化);取其精华,去其糟粕。

单项选择题
单项选择题

It is clear that some chemicals can damage the health of animals and humans. (1) , this is not the only problem that (2) be caused by the careless use of chemicals. Chemicals can also (3) the ecological balance of the environment. If the ecological balance is disturbed, the results can be (4) serious.The (5) of DDT illustrates the problem. DDT, a chemical which kills insects, at first seemed to be a perfect answer (6) many problems. It would control insects that caused dangerous diseases, (7) insects that caused billions of dollars of damage to crops every year. Governments permitted and even (8) the use of DDT. Farmers in many countries (9) to spray it on their crops. The (10) results were good. Damage to crops (11) down, and profits went up. However, the chemical had effects which the scientists didn’t see in (12) . First, it also killed insects which were the (13) enemies of the harmful insects and which were therefore beneficial to farmers. Second, and perhaps worse, DDT did not kill (14) harmful insect. A few insects had natural resistance to the chemical. They (15) and reproduced in large numbers. In a few years there were large numbers of insects which were not (16) by DDT, and there were (17) insects which Could act as natural (18) on these new "super-insects". Finally, it became clear that DDT was not solving the insect problem. In fact, it was making the problem worse. It (19) became necessary to find a second (20) for the effects of the first.

 

第(14)空应选择()

A.any

B.some

C.every

D.all